Protein

Question 1

What is the most diverse macromolecule?

Answer 1

Protein

Question 2

Keratin

Answer 2

Structural protein made up ofkeratinocytes in the basal epithelial cells found in epidermis
Skin, hair, nails, beaks,feathers and reptile scales

Question 3

What are the Main functions of proteins?

Answer 3

Structure, movement, enzymes, transport, defense, plasma, receptors

Question 4

What are the 2 main structural proteins

Answer 4

Keratin and collagen

Question 5

Collagen and elastin

Answer 5

The most abundant protein in the body it is the structural scaffolding which holds tissues together
Elastin is another protein that gives skinits elastic property

Question 6

How do proteins work for movement

Answer 6

Proteins actin and myosin work together to push and pull to allow muscles to contract and relax

Question 7

Explain proteins as receptors

Answer 7

Surface recognition proteins are ableto selfidentify and sense chemical stimuli as they are found on the cell membrane
Each persons are unique and during organ donations it can signal that the neworgan is not apart of the self which will result in organ rejection

Question 8

In what way can proteins act as transport?

Answer 8

Carriers and channel proteins transport large, polar, or charge molecules in active transport across a concentration gradient or Phospholipid belayer

Question 9

Antibodies

Answer 9

Defense mechanism of the protein immune which binds to foreign antigens (proteins) to allow macrophages to target them for phagocytosis

Question 10

How dues insulin work?

Answer 10

Insulin is a hormone protein most
Hormones are molecules produced by thyroid and have effect elsewhere carried through blood
Insulin When present is the key that opens up glucose channel for body to absorb

Question 11

What and where: plasma protein

Answer 11

Found in blood plasma
① albumin ② fibrinogen ③ lipoprotein

Question 12

Albumin

Answer 12

Found in 60% of protein in blood it helps maintain osmotic balance inblood and transports water insoluble molecules

Question 13

Fibrinogen

Answer 13

Converted to fibrin to aid in blood clotting

Question 14

Lipoproteins

Answer 14

Transport lipids
2 types: HDL and LDL
High density removes cholesterol from blood and delivers it to liver
Low density transports cholesterol from liver to blood When there is low choleste l

Question 15

Enzymes

Answer 15

One of the most important proteins which are biological catalysts which carry out biochemical reactions in tempuratnes suitable for life
Lowers activation energy

Question 16

What are the monomer of proteins called?

Answer 16

Amino acids

Question 17

How are amino acids linked?

Answer 17

With peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain through dehydration synthesis

Question 18

Primary structure

Answer 18

Sequence of amino acids determined by DNA the sequence of aa determines what the final 3 D shape and function
Amino and carbonyl end

Question 19

Secondary structure

Answer 19

B-pleated sheets or alpha-helix
H- bond between H of 2degree amines and O of carbonyl group. Normally H-Bonds are weak but b/c there are so many they are strong to hold structure
Size of r- groups determine which shape

Question 20

Tertiary structure

Answer 20

Chemical interactions among R groups
① h-bond amino acids with polar R groups
② hydrophobic a. A with non-polar R groups
③ disulfide bridges between 2 cysteines bonds made to maintain 3d shape
④ ionic bonds between aa with charged r-groups
Hydrophobic a.a. Cluster in middle held together with vander Waal interactions

Question 21

Quaternary structure

Answer 21

Combining 2 or more polypeptide chains can be with the addition of non-a.a prosthetic group
Not all proteas have

Question 22

Where are protens made? Prosthetic groups?

Answer 22

Ribosome
Golgi body