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Unit 1 - 12 Bio > Carbs > Flashcards

Carbs Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Structural isomers

A

Molecule with same chemical formulas but different structure
Eg. Glucose, galactose, fructose

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2
Q

Starch

A

Glucose storage molecule fond in plant roots and seeds in organelle called amyloplasts
Glucose joint with glycosidiabonds polysaccharides

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3
Q

Heteropolysaccharide

A

Composed of 2 different forms
Amylose and amylopectin

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4
Q

How much % of each amylose and amylopectin

A

20-30% amylose
70-80% amylopectin

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5
Q

Amylose

A

Straight chain polysaccharide consisting of 300-600 a glucose molecules joined by a 1-4 ether linkages

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6
Q

Amylopectin

A

Branched chain polysaccande
100’S of a glucose molecules with a-1,4 ether linkage with shorter side chains of a-glucose molecules joined by a - 1,6 ether linkages found every 24th-30th glucose

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7
Q

Which polyssecanide amylase or amylopectin hydrolyses faster?

A

Amylopectin, because it has more free ends than amylose since amylASE only hydrolyses starch at free ends

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8
Q

Amylose and amylopectin are: hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophilic

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9
Q

What is enzyme associated with amylose and amylopectin

A

Amylase

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10
Q

Water solubility: amylose and amylopectin

A

Linear structure amylose is insoluble
Amylopectin is soluble

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11
Q

Glycogen

A

Polysaccharide (structurally similar to amylopectin)Short term glucose storage only used as energy after blood glucose is used up
Found: animal liver and muscle cells

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12
Q

Glycogen structure

A

Branched chain polysáccande with a-glucose and a 1,4 ether linkage
Has shorter side chains of a-1,6 ether linkage
Similar to amylopectin

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13
Q

Which polysaccharide has greatest rate of hydrolysis?

A

Glycogen, most free ends for amylase to hydrolyze

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14
Q

Is cellulose digestible

A

Not possible by mammals
Do not possess enzymes to hydrolyze B -bonds
Digestible by decomposes bacteria and fungi with cellulase enzyme

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15
Q

Microfibrils

A

Cellulose molecules form tight bundles with H-bonds
(Card)

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16
Q

Water and cellulose

A

Hydrophilic but insoluble because of large size

17
Q

Chitin

A

Forms exoskeleton of arthropods, cells walls, fungus cells

18
Q

Chitin structure

A

100s of repeating n-acetylglucoseamine
Joined with b-1,4 ether linkages

19
Q

Chitin solubility ad ediability

A

Insoluble, indigestible

20
Q

Carbohydrate base formal

A

Cn(H2O)n

21
Q

Monosacchande

A

One sugar: monomers of polysaccharides

22
Q

Hexose

A

6C
Glucose, galactose, fructose

23
Q

Pentose

A

Ribose deoxyribose
5c

24
Q

Aldose

A

Double bonded oxygen found at ends
Glucose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

25
Q

Kentose

A

Double bonded oxygen between carbon
Fructose

26
Q

Glucose

A

C6H12O6
is a hexose and an aldose
the product of photosynthesis and the main reactant in cellular respiration

27
Q

Galactose

A

C6H12O6
is a hexose and an aldose
Monomer of disaccharide lactose

28
Q

Fructose

A

C6H12O6
is a hexose and an ketose
Fruit sugar

29
Q

Ribose

A

C5H10O5
is a pentose and an aldose
Sugar found in RNA, ATP and coenzymes

30
Q

Deoxyribose

A

C5H10O4
is a pentose and an aldose
Sugar from DNA

31
Q

2 reactions

A
  1. Dehydration synthesis
    Anabolic makes H2O for every 2 monomers joined
  2. Hydrolysis
    Catabolic 1 H2O for every 2 monomers produced
32
Q

Maltose

A

A-glucose + a-glucose or a-glucose + b-glucose
Produced by germinating malt and is the product of digestion of stack by amylase
Digestible - a-bonds

33
Q

Sucrose

A

A-glucose + fructose has a bond digestible
Transported through phloem
Hydrolyzed by small intestine sucrase

34
Q

Lactose

A

B- glucose + b-galactose
Milk sugar
Hydrolyzed by lactase in small intestine of mammals,b-bond digestion decreases with age
B -bonds also digestible by bacteria n fung i

Unit 1 - 12 Bio (9 decks)

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