Enzymes

Question 1

What is denature enzymes protein

Answer 1

Enzymes have optimal ph and temperature when most effective
Outside these conditions it will denature and change shape the fore it will not function
This why a high temp fear is dangerous as it can denature

Question 2

Substrate

Answer 2

Biological reactants
Enzymes have substrate specific as it must fit active site of enzyme

Question 3

What do enzymes do?

Answer 3

Lower activation energy
Some reactions happen at very high temps unsustainable
Reactions will happen but at lower rate

Question 4

Lock and key

Answer 4

Size, shape, charge of substrate that complements active site so it perfectly fits
When enzyme and substrate bird it is known as enzyme-substrate complex
Once reaction is complete the duty site charges slight to release

Question 5

Induced-fit model

Answer 5

Enzymes active site becomes more complementary to substrate as it gets closer
Changes slightly to be perfect

Question 6

Competitive inhibition

Answer 6

Competitive inhibitor with similar shape, size, charge occupies active site so substrate cannot bind and reaction doesn’t occur

Question 7

Non-competitice inhibition

Answer 7

Additional allosteric site where non-competitive inhibitor will bird
Since structure = function, the active site is changed so it cannot bird

Question 8

Feedback inhibition

Answer 8

Wasteful to produce excess this ensures perfect amount is produced
① initial substrates binds to active site
② subsequent repeat
③ The final product made
④ final product is non-competice inhibit of enzyme 1 so it binds to allosteric site
Once used up it leaves allusteric site

Question 9

Precursor activation

Answer 9

Production only with plentiful supply
① binds to enzyme 1
② enzyme 2 repeat
③ has allostenc site for original substrate to bind if both one and 3 have same then final product will form

Question 10

Chymotrysinogen

Answer 10

Proteolytic enzyme (protein breaking) found in small intestine
Active form achieved When protea is present alpha chymotrysinogen

Question 11

Explain chymotrypson mechanism

Question 12

Polynucleotide

Answer 12

Many nucleotide (monomers)

Question 13

Nucleotide monomer

Answer 13

3 parts:
O phosphate group
② nitrogenous base
③ pentose sugar (ribosedeoxyribose,

Question 14

How many phosphate group in polynucleotide

Answer 14

1

Question 15

Nucleoside

Answer 15

Portion of nucleotide without phosphate group

Question 16

Pyrimidine

Answer 16

6 carbon ring with nitrogen atoms
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

Question 17

Purine

Answer 17

2 rings 6 and 5
Adenine
Guanine

Question 18

What is RNA structure

Answer 18

Single polynucleotide (mRNA transcriptions)
Antiparallel 3’ to 5’ and 5’ to 3’