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BDS2 - PMHP > Protected Characteristics > Flashcards

Protected Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equality act 2010?

A
  • ‘Protects individuals from unfair treatment and promotes a fair and more equal society’

There are 9 protected characteristics

  • Unlawful to discriminate on the bias of these
  • Must not give someone a service of worse quality or in a worse way than you would normally provide the service
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2
Q

What are the 9 protected characteristics?

A
  • Age
  • Disability
  • Gender
  • Gender reassignment
  • Marriage/civil partnership
  • Pregnancy and maternity
  • Race and ethnicity
  • Religion and belief
  • Sexual orientation
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3
Q

How does the characteristic ‘age’ affect your oral health? (3 points)

A
  • Oral health is important at all ages
  • Effects of poor oral health are cumulative over time
  • Risk of oral health conditions change with age
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4
Q

What is the most common reason for children to have GA?

A
  • Dental extractions
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5
Q

Younger children are dependent on parents/caregivers. What are they not in control of? (3 points)

A
  • Diet
  • Oral hygiene
  • Dental attendance
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6
Q

Older children are more independent. What 2 things do they have more control of compared to when they were younger?

A
  • Food choices

- Oral hygiene

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7
Q

Do most young adults have a good overall oral health?

A
  • Yes

- Although those with tooth decay are more likely to have multiple teeth affected

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8
Q

IS the overall periodontal health of young adults good?

A
  • Yes
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9
Q

What percentage of 25-34 year olds have coronal caries?

A
  • 36%
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10
Q

What percentage of 65-74 year olds have coronal caries?

A

22%

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11
Q

What percentage of 45-54yr olds have had a filled tooth and what is the average number of filled teeth they have had?

A
  • 97%

- Average of 9.1 filled teeth

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12
Q

What are the levels of periodontal disease in adults ages 45+?

A
  • Increased levels of periodontal disease
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13
Q

What are the present edentulous rates of older people?

A
  • Falling rates

- 64% aged 75+ have some natural teeth

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14
Q

What percentage of 16-24yr olds have root caries?

A

1%

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15
Q

What percentage of 55-64yr olds have root caries?

A

11%

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16
Q

What percentage of 75-84yr olds have root caries?

A

20%

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17
Q

Does the risk of oral cancer increase with age?

A
  • Yes
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18
Q

Why does treatment become more complex with older people? (5 points)

A
  • Previous restorative work - advanced restorations
  • Medical conditions - co-morbidities, polypharmacy
  • Frailty - access issues
  • Cognitive decline - memory, comprehension
  • Dependence - daily oral care
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19
Q

Can a dentist refuse to treat a particular age group?

A
  • If you can justify why you are doing this then possibly yes
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20
Q

You CAN target investigations for people with a protected characteristic IF…? (4 points)

A
  • They are currently missing out on services
  • Can show they have a different level of need
  • There is a track record of disadvantage
  • Low participation of this group
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21
Q

What reasons allow us to target certain treatment towards children? (5 points)

A
  • High caries rates
  • High dental GA rates
  • Early years = political priority
  • Good oral health is part of overall child wellbeing
  • Establishing good oral health early on will influence later life
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22
Q

What reasons allow us to target certain treatments towards older adults? (5 points)

A
  • Dental attendance declines with age
  • Older people are less likely to have good oral health
  • Need for help with oral hygiene
  • Medical consequences of poor oral health
  • Oral health consequences for general health
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23
Q

Disability is not a single group. What are the variations? (5 points)

A
  • Physical/cognitive/sensory/combination
  • Hidden disabilities
  • Varying severities
24
Q

Why may access to care be difficult for people with a disability? (3 points)

A
  • Physical factors
  • Cooperation
  • Understanding
25
Q

Can people with learning disabilities have dental anxiety?

A
  • Yes
26
Q

Why may treatment/management of people with a disability be difficult? (4 points)

A
  • Involuntary movements
  • Positioning
  • Tolerating treatment
  • Concentration span
27
Q

Why may consent be difficult to obtain from people with a disability?

A
  • They may not have the capacity to consent
28
Q

What does equity mean?

A
  • Same RIGHTS to oral health but not necessarily the SAME services
29
Q

What is the requirement to make ‘REASONABLE ADJUSTMENTS’ in the disability and the equality act?

A
  • Disabled people should be able to use services as far as is reasonable to the same standard as non-disabled people
30
Q

What is meant by requirements being ‘ANTICIPATORY’ in the disability and the equality act? (3 points)

A
  • Plan in advance
  • Think about different types of disability and possible difficulties
  • Think about everything needed
31
Q

What are the reasonable adjustments that should be made for physical access for disabled people? (5 points)

A
  • Ground floor
  • Ramp
  • Hoist
  • Dom visit
  • Referral
32
Q

What are the reasonable adjustments that should be made for communication with disabled people? (3 points)

A
  • Written info (large print/images)
  • Hearing loop
  • BSL
33
Q

What are the reasonable adjustments that should be made for enabling treatment for disabled people? (4 points)

A
  • Time
  • Explanation
  • Appointment time
  • Treatment plan
34
Q

What does the meaning of ‘reasonable’ depend on? (4 points)

A
  • Size and nature of business
  • Physical features of premises
  • Cost of making adjustments
  • Barriers which SHOULD have been identified and reasonable adjustments COULD have been made => required to pay compensation + make adjustments if challenged
35
Q

How many yearly practice inspections are there in Scotland?

A

3

36
Q

The yearly practice inspections in Scotla nd record whether you can get access without stairs. What 3 things are essential to have?

A
  • Details of disabled access/ facilities in practice information leaflet
  • Practice information leaflet available in lagre print
  • Disability policy (ideally based on results if an access survey)
37
Q

What do access surveys do?

A
  • Look at features that make the practice accessible and what can be improved
  • Access panels (local group of disabled people) can provide advice/info/visit practice
  • Can also consult with disabled patients
38
Q

What gender is more likely to be regular attenders at the dentist?

A

Females

39
Q

What gender is more likely to have ‘excellent oral health’ ?

A
  • Females
40
Q

Which gender is more likely to report dental pain?

A

females

41
Q

What gender is more likely to have pulpally involved lesions?

A
  • Males
42
Q

What gender is more likely to have some natural teeth?

A

males

43
Q

What percentage of all pregnant women have gingivitis?

A
  • 60-70%
  • Tend to receive less dental treatment at this time
  • They get free dental treatment
44
Q

What 4 things does ‘race’ include?

A
  • Ethnicity
  • Nationality
  • Colour
  • National origins
45
Q

Contrary to most inequalities, oral health is better among non-whites, despite lower use of the dental health service. They are less likely to have fillings, extractions or fever than 20 teeth. What is this likely due to?

A
  • Likely due to dietary sugar
46
Q

What are examples of cultural practices that increase the risk of oral cancer? (3 points)

A
  • Chewing tobacco/Paan or Betel
47
Q

What can the increased risk of diabetes among afro- carribeans have an influence over?

A
  • Oral health
48
Q

What medical conditions can cause an increased risk if GA is involved? (2 points)

A
  • Thalassaemia

- Sickle cell disease

49
Q

Do attitudes/opinions relating to dental care differ between races?

A
  • Yes
50
Q

How can the language barrier be overcome in the dental practice? (2 points)

A
  • Translation services (professional/family member?)

- Written information available in other languages

51
Q

What is intersectionality?

A
  • The interconnected nature of social categorisations such as race, class and gender as they apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage
52
Q

Do socio-economic factors have strong links with dental health?

A
  • Yes

- Deprivation = more caries, more likely to be edentulous, higher oral cancer rates

53
Q

What other protected characteristics are associated with socio-economic factors? (2 points)

A
  • Disability
  • Race (immigration)
  • Interactions between protected characteristic and socio-economic status may amplify disadvantage
54
Q

What are examples of specific groups included under protected characteristics? (7 points)

A
  • Homeless
  • Prisoners
  • Gypsy travellers
  • Addictions
  • Immigrants
  • Asylum seekers
  • Mental health
55
Q

What are examples of dental priority groups? (3 points)

A
  • Frail older people
  • People with special care needs
  • Those who are homeless

BDS2 - PMHP (7 decks)

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