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Prelims specific > Protected areas > Flashcards

Protected areas Flashcards

1
Q

J&K: NPs/WLS?

A
  1. Dachigam NP
  2. Salim Ali BS
  3. Hemis High latitude NP
  4. Kishtwar NP
  5. Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary
  6. kazinag NP
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2
Q

J&K: wetlands?

A
  1. Wular lake
  2. Dal lake
  3. Hokera wetland
  4. Surinsar-Mansar lake
  5. Tso Morari lake and Pagong lake
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3
Q

Dachigam NP?

A
  1. J&K
  2. Srinagar
  3. in the Zabarwan Range of the western Himalayas
  4. hangul, or the Kashmir stag: critically endangered
  5. Located high among its interiors is the Marsar lake from which flows the Dagwan river.
  6. occupies almost half of catchment zone of Dal lake
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4
Q

Salim ali NP?

A
  1. It is located in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir.
  2. Imp Fauna: Kashmiri stag, Snow Cock, Serow, Himalayan black bear.
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5
Q

Hemis high altitude NP?

A
  1. located in Ladakh
  2. famous for its snow leopards: highest density of them in any protected area in the world
  3. only national park in India that is north of the Himalayas, the largest notified protected area in India (largest National park) and is the second largest contiguous protected area, after the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
  4. bounded on the north by the banks of the Indus River and includes catchment areas of Markha, Sumdah and Rumbak rivers.
  5. the famous 400-year-old Hemis Monastery.
  6. Hemis was a destination and via point on the silk routes of Tibet
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6
Q

Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary?

A
  1. in the Ladakhi adjunct of the Changthang plateau in Leh District
  2. one of the few places in India with a population of the Kiang or Tibetan Wild Ass, as well as the rare Black-necked Crane.
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7
Q

Kishtwar NP?

A
  1. bounded to the north by Rinnay river, Kiber Nala in south and in west by Marwa river (trib of Chenab and meets her at Kishtwar town).
  2. This national park was basically made to protect the endangered species of snow leopards.
  3. also home of Himalayan snow cock
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8
Q

Kazinag NP?

A
  1. situated in north bank of Jhelum close to Line of Control in Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir.
  2. The park came into existence after two wildlife sanctuaries i.e. Limber and Lachipora were clubbed with Naganari conservation reserve
  3. It is home to the Markhor (national animal of Pakistan). Kazinag habitats the largest population of Markhor (IUCN status: near threatened ) and Tragopans (another endangered species of bird )
  4. It is home to 17 different types of butterflies that are unique and endangered.
  5. It is part of a proposal for a trans-Karakoram peace park with Pakistan.
  6. mining of gypsum close to the Kazinag national park is threat to the wild species.
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9
Q

Wular lake?

A
  1. largest freshwater lake in India; Ramsar site
  2. water chestnut, that provide an important source of revenue
  3. lake basin was formed as a result of tectonic activity and is fed by the Jhelum River
  4. Tulbul Project is a “navigation lock-cum-control structure” at the mouth of Wular Lake
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10
Q

Dal lake?

A
  1. named the “Jewel in the crown of Kashmir” or “Srinagar’s Jewel”.
  2. floating gardens, known as “Raad” in Kashmiri, blossom with lotus flowers during July and August.
  3. The wetland is divided by causeways into four basins; Gagribal, Lokut Dal, Bod Dal and Nagin. Lokut-dal and Bod-dal each have an island in the centre, known as Rup Lank (or Char Chinari) and Sona Lank respectively.
  4. The houseboats (Shikaras) are closely associated with Dal Lake
  5. area of the Dal Lake has shrunk to 24 sq km from 31 sq km and thus is to be declated an Eco-sensitive zone.
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11
Q

Hokera wetland?

A
  1. only site with remaining reedbeds of Kashmir and pathway of 68 waterfowl species
  2. Ramsar site
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12
Q

Surinsar-Mansar lakes?

A
  1. Freshwater composite lake in semi-arid Panjab Plains, adjoining the Jhelum Basin
  2. socially and culturally very important with many temples around owing to its mythical origin from the Mahabharata period
  3. Ramsar site
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13
Q

Tsomoriri lake?

A

UT of Ladakh

· It is an endorheic lake. Water is brackish.

· It hosts endangered Black-necked cranes. It is also the only breeding ground for Bar-headed geese in India.

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14
Q

PJ and HP: NP/WLS?

A
  • No NP in PJ; many WLS-
  1. Harike WLS
  2. Nangal WLS
  • NP in HP:
  1. Great Himalayan NP
  2. Pin valley NP
  3. Simbalbara NP
  4. Inderkilla NP
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15
Q

Pj & HP: wetlands?

A
  • PJ-> all Ramsar sites
  1. Harike wetland
  2. Kanji wetland
  3. ropar wetland
  4. Keshopur Miani community reserve
  5. Nangal WLS
  6. Beas conservation reserve
  • HP
  1. Pong dam lake
  2. Renuka lake
  3. Chandra Tal
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16
Q

Great Himalayan NP?

A
  1. Kullu, HP
  2. In June 2014, the Great Himalayan National Park was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites
  3. is at the junction of world’s two major faunal regions: the oriental to the south and palaearctic to the north
  4. animals such as blue sheep, snow leopard, Himalayan brown bear, Himalayan tahr, and musk deer; birds: Blue fronted redstart
  5. As a result of its 4,100 m elevation range the park has a diversity of zones with their representative flora and fauna, such as alpine, glacial, temperate, and subtropical forests.
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17
Q

Pin valley NP?

A
  1. Lahul and Spiti, HP
  2. area has many Tibetan Buddhist influences, evident architecturally in monasteries and stupas
  3. located in the desert habitat of the Spiti Valley, within the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve, in the Himalayas region
  4. In summer, rare birds such as the Himalayan snowcock and snowfinch flourish in the park.
  5. natural habitat for a number of endangered animals including the Snow Leopards and Siberian ibex.
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18
Q

Harike wetland/WLS/BS?

A
  1. aka “Hari-ke-Pattan” BS; largest wetland in north India; Ramsar site
  2. formed by constructing the headworks across the Sutlej river in 1953
  3. vast concentration of migratory fauna of waterfowls including a number of globally threatened species (stated to be next only to the Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur) like:
    1. cotton pygmy goose
    2. tufted duck
    3. , yellow-eyed pigeon
  4. smooth-coated otters, listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals, are found here
  5. Indus dolphin, IUCN status endangered, supposed to have become extinct in India after 1930, but largely found in the Indus River system in Pakistan, was recently sighted in the Beas River in Harike wetland area
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19
Q

Kanjli wetland?

A
  1. a man made Wetland, which subsumes the Kanjli Lake, located in the Kapurthala district of Punjab; Ramsar site
  2. by constructing the headworks across the perennial Bien River, a tributary of the Beas
  3. mammals in the wetland are the Indian civet, mongoose, Indian porcupine etc.
  4. stream is considered to be the most significant in the state from the religious point of view, as it is associated with the first guru of the Sikhs, Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji
  5. site plays a crucial role in the agriculture which predominates on the surrounding fertile plain
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20
Q

Ropar wetland?

A
  1. is a man-made freshwater riverine lake & wetland; Ramsar site
  2. created in 1952 on the Sutlej River, in the Punjab state of India, by building a head regulator
  3. The endangered turtle Chitra indica and the threatened snake Python molurus (“at lower risk”), as per IUCN Red List, are reported to be resident in the wetland
  4. site is an important breeding place for the nationally protected Smooth Indian Otter, Hog Deer, Sambar, and several reptiles, and the endangered Indian Pangolin
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21
Q

Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve?

A
  1. a departure from usual wetlands as it is not fed by any river and hence has no industrial or domestic waste entering its water.
  2. Instead it is a mosaic of natural marshes, aquaculture ponds and agricultural wetlands maintained by the annual rainfall runoff
  3. It is also the first-ever notified community reserve of India, coming soon after the concept was introduced in the Wildlife Protection Act in 2002
  4. Threatened species present include the vulnerable common pochard and the endangered spotted pond turtle
  5. declared a ramsar site in 2019
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22
Q

Nangal WLS/wetland?

A
  1. aka Govind sagar dam
  2. located in foothills of Hm; mark it at Bilaspur
  3. declared Ramsar site in Sept 2019
  4. threatened species, such as the endangered Indian pangolin and Egyptian vulture and the vulnerable leopard
  5. site is of historic importance as the Indian and Chinese Prime Ministers formalized the “Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence” there in 1954
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23
Q

Beas conservation reserve?

A
  1. is a 185-kilometre stretch of the Beas River in NW PJ
  2. River is dotted with islands, sand bars and braided channels creating a complex environment supporting substantial biodiversity
  3. The Reserve also hosts the only known population in India of the endangered Indus river dolphin
  4. became Ramsar site in Sept 2019
  5. species include the endangered masheer and hog deer as well as the vulnerable smooth-coated otter
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24
Q

Sukhna lake?

A
  1. Chandigarh, PJ
  2. man-made Sukhna Lake was built in 1958 by Le Corbusier
  3. also has a nearby Sukhna wildlife sanctuary that is home to sambar, pangolin, wild boars
  4. Punjab and Haryana High Court recently declared that Sukhna Lake in Chandigarh is a “living entity” or “legal person” with rights, duties and liabilities of a living person.
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25
Q

Pong dam lake?

A
  1. aka Maharana Pratap sagar dam (highest earthfill dam in India on the Beas River ); Ramsar site
  2. kangra district, HP; near mandi
  3. fishing prominent; Mahseer angling in the Pong Dam reservoir is said to be the only one of its kind fish in the country.
  4. numerous waterfowl species: like commonteal, spotbilled duck, Eurasian coot
  5. fauna species such as barking deer, sambar, wild boars, leopards
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26
Q

Renuka lake/wetland/BS?

A
  1. largest lake in HP
  2. freshwater springs and inland subterranean karst formations; Sambhar, Barking deer and Ghorals
  3. lake has high religious significance and is named after the mother of Hindu sage Parshuram
  4. Ramsar site
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27
Q

Chandra Taal?

A
  1. Lahul and Spiti, HP
  2. high altitude lake on the upper Chandra valley flowing to the Chandra river; name due to crescent shape
  3. Ramsar site
  4. near the Kunzam pass joining the Himalayan and Pir Panjal ranges
  5. supports CITES and IUCN Redlisted Snow Leopard
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28
Q

Uttarakhand : NPs?

A
  1. Rajaji NP
  2. Valley of Flowers NP
  3. Nanda Devi NP
  4. Gangotri NP
  5. Govind Pashu Vihar NP
  6. Jim Corbett NP
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29
Q

Rajaji NP?

A

Dehradun, UK

  1. also a Tiger reserve
  2. encompasses the Shivaliks, near the foothills of the Himalayas
  3. by merging Chilla, Motichur and Rajaji sanctuaries
  4. Ganga and Song rivers flow through the park.
  5. The park is most renowned for its elephants. The mountain goat, goral is another noteworthy resident; other include chital, sambar, barking deer, hog deer, leopard, rhesus macaque
  6. home to the great pied hornbill. area is the first staging ground after the migratory birds cross over the Himalayas into the Indian subcontinent
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30
Q

Nanda Devi NP?

A

UK

  1. also a BR; situated around peak of Nanda Devi
  2. Nana Devi NP and Valley of Flowers NP jointly inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO
  3. drained by the Rishi Ganga through the Rishi Ganga Gorge
  4. Common larger mammals are Himalayan musk deer, mainland serow and Himalayan tahr. Carnivores are represented by snow leopard, Himalayan black bear
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31
Q

gangotri NP?

A

UK

  1. home to the snow leopard. ; also Asian black bear, brown bear, musk deer, blue sheep, Himalayan tahr
  2. located in the upper catchment of Bhagirathi river
  3. The northeastern park boundary is located along the international boundary with China.
  4. The Gaumukh glacier, the origin of river Ganges is located inside the park.
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32
Q

Govind Pashu Vihar NP?

A

UK

in higher reaches of the Garhwal Himalayas

Within the park is the Har Ki Doon valley and Ruinsiyara lake

The Snow Leopard Project started by the Government of India here, is being managed at this sanctuary.

Also, it is one of the remaining strongholds in the Himalayas of the bearded vulture, a vital ecological catalyst.

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33
Q

Valley of Flowers NP?

A

UK

  1. along with nanda Devi NP, forms Nanda Devi BR, which is a UNESCO world Heritage site
  2. referenced in the Hindu religion
  3. famous for threatened medicinal plants
  4. houses snow leopard, red giant flying squirrel, himalayan black bear, musk deer
  5. Pushpawati River flows through the Valley of Flowers
  6. lies in zaskar range; highest peak gauri parbat
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34
Q

Jim Corbett NP?

A

Nainital, UK

  1. oldest national park in India and was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park to protect the endangered Bengal tiger. highest tiger density in India (2018 tiger census)
  2. first to come under the Project Tiger initiative
  3. The park encompasses the Patli Dun valley formed by the Ramganga river
  4. Apart frm Bengal tiger, also leopard, elephants, Indian python
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35
Q

Haryana: NPs?

A
  1. Kalesar NP
  2. Sultanpur NP
  3. Bhindawas WLS
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36
Q

Kalesar NP?

A

haryana

  1. aka Chaudhary devi Lal NP
  2. contiguous to Simbalbara National Park in Himachal Pradesh and Rajaji National Park in Uttrakhand.; in the Shivalik foothills
  3. bounded by Yamuna river to the east
  4. named after the Kalesar Mahadev temple located in this national park
  5. houses leopards, panthers, elephants; Also red jungle fowl bird
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37
Q

Sultanpur NP?

A

Gurugram, Haryana

  1. It is a BS
  2. migratory birds like Siberian crane, Greater flamingo, Amur falcons, Egyptian vultures
  3. resident birds like Francolin
  4. declared a Ramsar Site in 2021
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38
Q

Bhindawas WLS?

A

Haryana

declared a Ramsar site in 2021

the largest wetland in Haryana

It is a human-made freshwater wetland.

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39
Q

Basai wetland?

A

Gurugram, Haryana

recognised as one of India’s Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas. recognised globally as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by the BirdLife International housing 20,000 birds

lies in one of the paleochannel of the Sahibi River, a tributary of Yamuna

important for migratory birds like Bar-headed Goose

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40
Q

RJ: NPs?

A
  1. Desert NP
  2. Keoladeo NP
  3. Mukundara Hills NP
  4. Ranthambore NP
  5. Sariska Tiger reserve
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41
Q

Desert NP?

A

RJ

  1. near the towns of Jaisalmer and Barmer
  2. one of the largest national park; eg of Thar desert ecosystem
  3. haven for migratory and resident birds of the desert like Short toed eagles, spotted eagles, laggar falcons, long legged buzzards.
  4. endangered great Indian bustard is a magnificent bird found in relatively fair numbers. Desert National Park is one of the last sites in which this species can be found in good numbers.
  5. Chinkara or Indian Gazelle is a common antelope of this region
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42
Q

Keoladeo NP?

A

RJ

  1. formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Bharatpur
  2. also a World Heritage Site as well as Ramsar wetland
  3. rare Siberian cranes used to winter in this park but this central population is now extinct. Also hosts migratory waterfowls
  4. Primates include rhesus macaque and Hanuman langur; chital deer, mongoose
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43
Q

Mukundara Hills NP?

A

RJ

in Kota and Jhalawar districts

famous for the talking parrot (Gagroni parrot), cranes and gharial.

Mukundra Hills has become the 3rd tiger reserve of Rajasthan followed by Ranthambore National Park and Sariska National Park.

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44
Q

Ranthambore NP?

A

RJ

also a Tiger reserve

lies at the edge of a plateau and is bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River.

A gigantic Banyan tree, considered as India’s 2nd largest tree

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45
Q

Sariska Tiger reserve?

A

RJ

in Alwar district

first reserve in the world with successfully relocated tigers.

It is an important biodiversity area in the Northern Aravalli leopard and wildlife corridor.

rich in mineral resources, such as copper. In spite of the Supreme Court’s 1991 ban on mining in the area, marble mining continues to threaten the environment.

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46
Q

Bihar: NPs?

A

Valmiki NP

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47
Q

Valmiki NP?

A

Bihar

  1. also a tiger reserve
  2. located at the India-Nepal border in the West Champaran district on the bank of Gandak river
  3. Bihar Government is turning 800 hectares of forest in VTR into Grassland making it India’s biggest grassland
  4. Indian flying fox and Gharials
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48
Q

MP: NPs?

A
  1. Bandhavgarh NP
  2. Ghughua Fossil Park
  3. Kanha NP
  4. Kuno NP
  5. Madhav NP
  6. Mandla Plant fossils NP
  7. Panna NP
  8. Pench NP
  9. Sanjay NP
  10. Satpura NP
  11. Van Vihar NP
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49
Q

Bandhavgarh NP?

A

Umaria district, MP

  1. also a Tiger reserve: density of the tiger population at Bandhavgarh (8 Tiger per square km)is 4th highest in India (2018 tiger census)
  2. large breeding population of leopards, and various species of deer- sambar, barking deer
  3. river: Charanganga
  4. three main zones of the national park are Tala, Magdhi and Khitauli. Tala is the richest zone in terms of biodiversity
  5. had a small population of gaur, but all died due to disease. Were again reintroduced from Kanha.
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50
Q

Fossil park?

A

MP

  1. two fossil parks in MP- Ghughua Fossil park and Mandla Plant Fossils NP
  2. Numerous plant, leaf, fruit, seed, and shell fossils can be found in this park, some of which dates as far back as 65 million years. Most important-palm fossils. fossils are either Jurassic or Cretaceous.
  3. Interspersed with the plant fossils are to be found the fossils of molluscs.
  4. Plant evolution in this area was in its initial stages because of the absence of Di-cotyledons.
  5. river: Narmada
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51
Q

Kanha-Kisli NP?

A

Mandla and balaghat, MP

  1. also a Tiger reserve
  2. largest national park in central India;
  3. animals: Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, sloth bear, barasingha and Dhole
  4. forest depicted in The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling is based on jungles including this reserve.
  5. plan to reintroduce Barasingha
  6. Members of the Baiga tribe, a semi-nomadic tribe of central India that is reliant on the forest. They were relocated to maintain a critical tiger habitat. The land to which they were relocated is barren and they now suffer from alcoholism and malnourishment, and beg to support themselves; also Gond tribe
  7. rivers: Banjar and Halon
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52
Q

Kuno NP?

A

MP

granted NP status frm WLS in 2018

animals: Indian Leopard, sloth bear, Dhole, indian wolf, Feral cattle

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53
Q

Madhav NP?

A

MP

  1. park has many leopards, and since October 2007, one male and one female tiger have made Madhav their home; also predominant is deer like chinkara and chital
  2. largest body of water is Sankhya Sagar, a reservoir; also a Madhav lake- both created on Manier River
  3. artificial lake, Chandpatha, is the winter home of migratory geese, pochard
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54
Q

Panna NP?

A

Panna and Chhatarpur districts, MP

  1. also a Tiger reserve; by 2009, the entire tiger population had been eliminated by poaching with the collusion of forest department officials. Later tigers were shifted from surrounding Tiger reserves.
  2. also a Biosphere reserve
  3. catchment area: Ken river; GoI, GoUP and GoMP plan to link Ken-Betwa involves construction of Daudhan dam that will submerge a part of Panna NP
  4. situated at a point where the continuity of the Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests belt, which starts from Cape Comorin in South India, is broken and beyond this the Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests of the great Indo-Gangetic Plain begins. This area is the northernmost tip of the natural teak forests and the easternmost tip of the natural ‘Kardhai’ forest
  5. animals: tiger, leopard, chital, chinkara, nilgai, sambhar and sloth bear.
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55
Q

Pench NP?

A

Seoni and Chhindwara, MP- also part of it lies in MH

  1. also a Tiger reserve
  2. Pench River flows through the park from N to S dividing the park into almost equal halves
  3. described in Ain-i-Akbari, and is the setting of Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book
  4. Scattered white kulu trees, also referred to as ‘ghost tree’, stand out conspicuously among the various hues of green; also prominent are mahua trees
  5. animals: Bengal tiger, chital, sambar, nilgai, wild boar, and jackal.
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56
Q

Sanjay NP?

A

Sidhi andd Singrauli, MP

  1. a part of the Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve. Chhatisgarh part is called Guru Ghasidas NP
  2. tropical forests of Sakhua trees
  3. this overall area was the last known territory of the Asiatic cheetah in India
  4. rivers: Umaria and Kodmar
  5. animals: tiger, Leopard, Chital
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57
Q

Satpura NP?

A

Hoshangabad, MP

  1. also a Tiger reserve
  2. river: denwa
  3. along with the adjoining Bori and Pachmarhi WLS, forms unique central Indian highland ecosystem
  4. It has Dhoopgarh peak
  5. animals: Spotted Deer, Blackbuck, Indian Bison (Gaur), Tigers, Leopards, Wild boar, dholes. Indian Giant squirrel is one of the special feature of Satpura Tiger Reserve as it is rare in India now. also endemic are flying squirrels and rhesus monkeys
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58
Q

Vanvihar NP?

A

Bhopal, MP

  1. has the status of a national park, but is developed and managed as a modern zoological park, following the guidelines of the Central Zoo Authority. unique because visitors access it from a road through the park, and trenches,walls, and chain-link fencing protect the animals from poachers while providing natural habitat.
  2. categorises animals in two categories, captive and herbivores. All carnivorous animals are kept inside enclosed areas and herbivores are allowed to roam freely.
  3. animals: Tiger, Asiatic lion, asiatic wildcat, Indian Wolf, red fox
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59
Q

GJ: NPs?

A
  1. Blackbuck NP
  2. Gir NP
  3. Marine NP
  4. Vansda NP
  5. Thol Lake WLS
  6. Wadhwana Wetland
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60
Q

Blackbuck NP?

A

Bhavnagar, GJ

  1. southern portion of the park, which adjoins the Gulf of Khambhat, is in the Gulf’s high tide zone and gets inundated with water.
  2. rivers: Lies between Parvalia and Alang which drains into Gulf of Cambay
  3. Successful conservation programs for the blackbuck, wolf and lesser florican (a bustard) are ongoing. Largest population of lesser florican, is in this park.
  4. other animals: blackbucks, wolves, hyenas; the harrier roost found at the park is one of the largest in the world.
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61
Q

Gir NP?

A

Junagadh, GJ

  1. only natural habitat of Asiatic lions.
  2. Gir Forests is the largest compact tract of dry deciduous forests in the semi-arid western part of India.
  3. Gir is often linked with “Maldharis” who have survived through the ages by having symbiotic relationship with the lion. Maldharis are religious pastoral communities living in Gir. Their settlements are called “nesses”.
  4. 14th Asiatic Lion Census 2015 was conducted in May 2015. In 2015, the population was 523 (27% up compared to previous census in 2010)
  5. seven major perennial rivers of the Gir region are Hiran, Shetrunji, Datardi, Shingoda, Machhundri, Godavari and Raval. Kamleshwar dam, aka Hiran-i-dam, on Hiran river is called ‘lifeline of Gir’
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62
Q

Marine NP?

A

Gulf of Kutchh, GJ

  1. first marine NP in India
  2. 42 islands on the Jamnagar coast in the Marine National Park, most of them surrounded by reefs. The best known island is Pirotan
  3. A surprisingly large scale greater flamingo colony, reaching up to 20,000 nests is known to occur along the gulf
  4. coral reefs, jellyfish, Portugese man of war, octopus that change color
  5. endangered sea turtles
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63
Q

Vansda NP?

A

GJ

  1. Nestled in the Western Ghats of Sahyadri range
  2. on the banks of Ambika River; Gira falls
  3. the deciduous forest area having groves of “Katas” bamboo owes its beauty to no felling of trees since 1952
  4. animals: the Indian leopard, dhole, rhesus macaque, common palm civet, Hanuman langur
  5. birds including common grey hornbill,
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64
Q

Thol Lake WLS?

A

GJ

declared a Ramsar Site in 2021

lies on the Central Asian Flyway and more than 320 bird species can be found here.

65
Q

Wadhwa Wetland?

A

GJ

decalred a Ramsar site in 2021

is internationally important for its birdlife as it provides wintering ground to migratory waterbirds, including over 80 species that migrate on the Central Asian Flyway.

66
Q

Chhatisgarh: NPs?

A
  1. Indravati NP
  2. Kanger Ghati NP
  3. Guru Ghasidas NP
67
Q

Indravati NP?

A

Bijapur, Chhatisgarh

  1. also a tiger reserve
  2. near Indravati river
  3. home to one of the last populations of rare wild buffalo.
  4. also, Gaur, nilgai, blackbuck, chausingha, sambar, chital
68
Q

Kanger Ghati NP?

A

Bastar region, Chhatisgarh

  1. one of the densest national parks, well known for its biodiversity, landscape, waterfalls, subterranean geomorphologic limestone caves
  2. Bastar hill myna, state bird of Chhatisgarh
  3. Kanger river- Tirathgarh falls;
  4. Kanger Valley is the only region in the Peninsular India where one of the last pockets of virgin and untouched forests are still left.
  5. animals: tigers, leopards, mouse deer, wild cat, chital, sambar
  6. comprises two ranges viz: Kotamsar and Koleng Ranges
  7. has remarkable geological diversity. The national park has mainly shales of Cuddapah group of rock formation and at some places slate of Vindhyan group of rock formation
69
Q

Guru Ghasidas NP?

A

Chhatisgarh

  1. rivers: Umaria and Kodmar
  2. Part of the Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve system
  3. animals: Tiger, Leopard, Golden Hooded Oriole, Egyptian vulture
  4. The combined areas of Guru Ghasidas NP and Tamor Pingla WLS has been declared as the newest Tiger reserve (Oct 2021). This will be the 4th Tiger reserve in CHH, after Udanti-Sitanadi, Achanakmar and INdravati reserves
  5. Guru Ghasidas National Park was the last known habitat of the Asiatic cheetah in the country.
70
Q

JH: NPs?

A

Betla NP

71
Q

Betla NP?

A

Palamau, JH

  1. located on the Chota Nagpur Plateau
  2. also a tiger reserve; one of the first national parks in India to become a tiger reserve under Project Tiger, in 1974
  3. North Koel River and its tributaries flow through
  4. animals: elephants, sloth bear, panther, wolf
  5. two historical forts known as Palamu Forts
72
Q

UP: NPs?

A

Dudhwa NP

73
Q

Dudhwa NP?

A

Lakhimpur Kheri, UP

  1. in the Terai belt of marshy grasslands of northern UP; represents one of the few remaining areas of the diverse and productive Terai ecosystem
  2. also a Tiger reserve; Together with the Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary and the Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary it forms the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve
  3. animals: tigers, swamp deer (imp), Hispid hare (earlier thought to have become extinct, was rediscovered here in 1984), Indian rhino, Stronghold of Barasingha
  4. bengal florican is most popular bird along with endangered white rumped vulture
74
Q

Odisha: NPs?

A
  1. Bhitarkanika NP
  2. Simlipal NP

Chilika Lake

75
Q

Bhitarkanika NP?

A

Kendrapara, Odisha

  1. second ramsar site in India
  2. Gahirmatha Beach and Marine Sanctuary are to the east, separating swamp region and mangroves from the Bay of Bengal.
  3. is inundated by the rivers Brahmani, Baitarani, Dhamra, Pathsala.
  4. It hosts many mangrove species, and is the second largest mangrove ecosystem in India.
  5. home to Saltwater crocodile (one of the largest populations), white crocodile, Indian python, king cobra, black ibis, darters
  6. Olive ridley turtles nest on Gahirmatha and other nearby beaches.
76
Q

Simlipal NP?

A

Mayurbhanj, Odisha

  1. also a tiger reserve
  2. also part of the Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve, which includes three protected areas- Simlipal Tiger reserve, Hadgarh WLS and Kuldiha WLS
  3. part of UNESCO Network of Biosphere reserves
  4. At least 12 rivers cut across, prominent ones are: Budhabalanga, Palpala Bhandan, Kharkai and Khairi river
  5. derives its name from the abundance of red silk cotton trees growing in the area
  6. home to Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, gaur, and chausingha
  7. waterfalls like Joranda and Barehipani
  8. mugger crocodile along Khairi river
  9. tribes: Khadia tribe
77
Q

Chilika Lake?

A

● Chilika is 64 kilometres long in the north-south direction and 13.5 km wide in the east-west direction.
● The sea connected with the lake near Satapada through a shallow and narrow channel

● The connecting channel was obstructed by shoals, sand spits and sandbars, thus restricting the outflow of water and also checking the tidal flow into the lake.
● Chilika is Asia’s largest and world’s second largest lagoon.
● It is the largest wintering ground for migratory birds on the Indian sub-continent and is home to a number of threatened species of plants and animals. Mangaljodi area of Chilika lake is world renowned for migratory birds
● In 1981, Chilika Lake was designated the first Indian wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention.
● Major attraction at Chilika is Irrawaddy dolphins which are often spotted off Satpada Island.
● The large Nalabana Island (Forest of Reeds) covering about 16 sq km in the lagoon area was declared a bird sanctuary in 1987.
● Kalijai Temple - Located on an island in the Chilika Lake.

78
Q

WB: NPs?

A
  1. Buxa NP
  2. Gorumara NP
  3. Jaldapara NP
  4. Neora Valley NP
  5. singalila NP
  6. sunderbans NP
79
Q

Buxa NP?

A

Darjeeling area of WB

  1. also a tiger reserve
  2. rivers: Jainti, Kaatulam nala- all imp rivers frm Bhutan enter through Buxa NP
  3. Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga lies inside. Around 10,000 devotees of Lord Shiva congregate here on “Shiva Chouturdoshi”.
  4. northern boundary with Bhutan (contiguous with Phibsoo WLS of Bhutan) and assam on east
  5. Chilapata Forests form an elephant corridor to the Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary.
  6. Buxa Fort is an important landmark for this reserve. This fort was captured by British-India in 1865 after the Bhutan War from Bhutan. Later this fort was used as a detention camp for Indian freedom fighters during the Indian freedom movement.
  7. bird species like Eurasian griffon, amur falcon
  8. animals: Asian elephant, clouded leopard, leopard cat, regal python, Chinese pangolin, hispid hare
  9. Rajabhatkhawa Vulture Breeding Centre at Buxa Tiger Reserve for the breeding and conservation of endangered Indian vultures was established as the second such centre. First such centre-Jatayu Conservation Breeding centre at Pinjore
  10. tribes: Dukpa
80
Q

Gorumara NP?

A

Darjeeling region of WB

  1. primarily known for its population of Indian rhinoceros.
  2. rivers: Jaldhaka river, a tributary of Brahmputra; also catchment areas of Murti River and Raidak River.
  3. Located in the Dooars region of the Himalayan foothills
81
Q

Jaldapara NP?

A

Darjeeling areas of WB

  1. on the banks of the Torsa River.
  2. it has the 2nd largest population of the Indian one horned rhinoceros in India, after Kaziranga
  3. nearby Chilapata Forests is an elephant corridor between Jaldapara and the Buxa Tiger Reserve
  4. tribes: Toto tribe and Mech tribes
  5. one of the very few places in India, where the Bengal florican is sighted
82
Q

Neora valley NP?

A

Darjeeling region of WB, near Bhutan

  1. land of the elegant red panda in the pristine undisturbed natural habitat with rugged inaccessible hilly terrain and rich diverse flora and fauna making this park an important wilderness zone
  2. Neora river
  3. Kalimpong hills
  4. animals: red panda, leopard, civet, black bear, sloth bear
83
Q

Singalila NP?

A

Darjeeling, WB

  1. located on the Singalila Ridge at an altitude of more than 7000 feet above sea level
  2. number of small mammals including the red panda, leopard cat, barking deer
  3. lies on an important trekking and camping route to Sandakphu
  4. recent: Singalila National Park launches a programme that aims to release about 20 red pandas in a
    period of five years.
    The number of red pandas has been declining in the wild, even in the Singalila and Neora Valley
    National Parks (West Bengal)
84
Q

Sunderbans NP?

A

South 24 Parganas, WB

  1. also a tiger reserve and a biosphere reserve as well as UNESCO World Heritage Site and Ramsar site since 2019
  2. The delta is densely covered by mangrove forests, and is one of the largest reserves for the Bengal tiger.
  3. other endangered species found: salt water-crocodile, River terrapin, olive ridley turtlr, Ganges river dolphin, hawksbill turtle and Mangrove horseshoe crab
  4. river- Meghna
  5. park is composed of 54 small islands and intersected by several distributaries of the Ganges river.
  6. eco-geography of this area is totally dependent on the tidal effect of two flow tides and two ebb tides occurring within 24 hours
85
Q

MH: NPs?

A
  1. Gilbert Hill NP
  2. Gugamal NP
  3. Sanjay Gandhi NP
  4. Tadoba Andhari NP
  5. Chandoli NP
  6. navegaon NP
  7. Pench NP- covered in MP since it lies onthe border of the two
86
Q

Gilbert Hill?

A

Mumbai, MH

  1. It is a 200ft monolith column of black basalt rock
  2. formed when molten lava was squeezed out of the Earth’s clefts during Mesozoic era
  3. Declared National park under Forest act
  4. Atop the rock column, two Hindu temples, the Gaodevi and Durgamata temples
87
Q

Gugamati NP?

A

Amravati, MH

  1. part of Melghat Tiger Reserve.
  2. gadga river and Dolar river
  3. Tiger, leopard, ussuri Dhole
88
Q

Sanjay Gandhi NP?

A

Mumbai, MH

aka Borivalli NP

  1. notable as one of the major national parks existing within a metropolis limit and is one of the most visited parks in the world.
  2. 2400-year-old Kanheri caves sculpted out of the rocky cliffs which lies within the park. caves were an important Buddhist learning centre and pilgrimage site
  3. Karvi or karvy, a flowering plant that blossoms once in eight years, can be found in the park.
  4. animals: chital, rhesus macaque, bonnet macaque, leopards, crocodiles
  5. two lakes: Vihar lake and Tulsi lake
89
Q

Tadoba NP?

A

Chandrapur, MH

  1. Maharashtra’s oldest and largest national park.
  2. part of a Tiger reserve; Tadoba NP + Andhari WLS = Tadoba Andhari Tiger reserve
  3. name of the god “Tadoba” or “Taru”, worshipped by the tribes who live in the dense forests of the Tadoba and Andhari region
  4. Andhari river, Kolsa lake and Tadoba lake
  5. chimur hills, maoharli and Kolsa ranges
  6. climber kach kujali (velvet bean) found here is a medicinal plant used to treat Parkinson’s disease. other medicinal plants found are: Bheria (insect repellant), bija (medicinal gum)and beheda (medicine)
  7. animals: Tiger, leopards, gaur, nilgai, Indian python
90
Q

Chandoli NP?

A

satara, Kolhapur and sangli, MH

  1. southern portion of the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve, with Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary forming the northern part of the reserve
  2. located near the Chandoli Dam
  3. park includes historical places of note including 17th century forts of the Maratha Empire. Most of the protected area was used an open jail for the “prisoners of war” of the early battles during Shivaji’s rule
  4. river: Warna
  5. Flat topped mountains, rocky, lateritic plateaus called ‘Saddas’, almost devoid of vegetation, large boulders and caves are distinctive to the area
  6. In 2018, a tiger was camera-trapped in Chandoli, the first such photographic evidence in the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve in 8 years.
91
Q

Navegaon NP?

A

Gondia, MH

  1. The Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Navegaon is home to almost 60% of the bird species found in entire Maharashtra.
  2. diversity in geology: diversity of terrain as well as rocks of two series: Sakoli and saucer
  3. Navegaon lake
  4. part of nawegaon-Nagzira Tiger reserve
  5. Tiger, panther
92
Q

Goa: NPs?

A

Mollem NP

93
Q

Mollem NP?

A

Goa

aka Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary (core area is NP)

  1. along the eastern border with Karnataka ; divided by NH-4A divides it into equal halves
  2. contains several important temples dating to the Kadambas of Goa, like Tambdi Surla temple
  3. rivers: Mandovi; home to waterfalls, such as Dudhsagar Falls (India’s 5th highest) (on Mandovi river) and Tambdi Falls.
  4. home to a community of nomadic buffalo herders known as the Dhangar.
  5. animals: Black Panther, barking deer, bonnet macaque; famous for its snakes particularly King cobra
94
Q

KN: NPs?

A
  1. Anshi NP
  2. Bandipur NP
  3. Bannerghata NP
  4. Kudremukh NP
  5. Nagarhole (Rajiv Gandhi) NP
95
Q

Anshi NP/Kali Tiger reserve?

A

Uttara Kannada, KN

  1. Anshi NP + Dandeli WLS=> Kali Tiger reserve
  2. Anshi Park, Dandeli WLs along with six adjacent protected areas in Goa and MH forms an almost uninterrupted protected forest area
  3. river: Kali
  4. park is a habitat of Bengal tigers, black panthers and Indian elephants
  5. park is in the ecoregions of North Western Ghats montane rain forests and North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests, both of which are deemed endangered by WWF
96
Q

Bandipur NP?

A

Chamarajnagar, KN

  1. also a tiger reserve;Along with adjacent Nagarhole National Park. Third highest density of tigers in India (2018 census)
  2. Bandipur NP+ adjoining Nagarhole NP, Mudumalai NP and Wayanad WLS= Nilgiri biosphere reserve
  3. There is a ban on traffic from 9 pm to 6 am of dusk to dawn to help bring down the death rate of wildlife.
  4. park has a variety of biomes including dry deciduous forests, moist deciduous forests and shrublands.
  5. Kabini river in the north and the Moyar river in the south. The Nugu river runs through the park
  6. highest point in the park is on a hill called Himavad Gopalaswamy Betta, where there is a Hindu temple at the summit.
  7. animals: Indian elephants, gaurs, tigers, sloth bears
97
Q

Bannerghata NP?

A

BN, KN

  1. Bannerghatta is the first biological park in India to have a fenced forested elephant sanctuary.
  2. In 2002 a portion of the park, became a biological reserve, the Bannerghatta Biological Park.
  3. park is part of a wildlife corridor for elephants which connects the BR Hills and the Sathyamangalam forest. critical elephant corridors are inside the NPsuch as Kardikal - Madeswara corridor
  4. Suvarnamukhi stream runs through the park
  5. park is threatened by multiple granite quarries operating around the park
98
Q

Kudremukh NP?

A

Chikkamaglur, KN

  1. Kudremukh is a mt range and name of a peak located in the park. aka Samseparvata
  2. is the second largest Wildlife Protected Area belonging to a tropical wet evergreen type of forest in WG
  3. probably harbored the largest contiguous population of lion-tailed macaques in WG, outside the Malabar region
  4. rivers: the Tunga, the Bhadra, and the Nethravathi are said to have their origin here; Kadambi waterfalls
  5. animals: Tiger, leopard, lion tailed macaque, wild dog, malabar civets, sloth bears and spotted deer.
  6. Kudremukh range was declared a tiger reserve, as part of the Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, by CG but not yet approved by SG due to tribes living inside. So, currently not a Tige reserve
  7. Threat: iron mining
99
Q

Nagarhole NP?

A

Kodagu and Mysore districts, KN

  1. one of India’s premier Tiger Reserves along with the adjoining Bandipur Tiger Reserve and Wayanad WLS; 2nd highest tiger density in india (2018 census)
  2. part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, and thus the whole park comes under UNESCO World Heritage site
  3. Kabini reservoir separates Bandipur NP and Nagarhole NP
  4. rivers: Lakshamantirtha, Kabini river; streams like nahar hole and sarati hole
  5. some conspicuous tree species such as golden shower tree, flame of the forest and clumping bamboo
  6. animals: Tiger, Leopard, dhole, sloth bear, Gaur, elephants
  7. important bird area: including the ‘critically endangered’ Oriental white-backed vulture, vulnerable Lesser adjutant, greater spotted eagle and Nilgiri wood pigeon.
  8. tribes: Jenu Kurubas and Koroga
  9. Threats to the national park come from large scale cutting and smuggling of sandalwood and teak trees and poaching
100
Q

NPs/WLS of Kerala?

A

six national parks and fourteen wildlife sanctuaries

NPs

  1. Eravikulam NP, idukki
  2. Periyar NP, idukki—–also Periyar WLS—–also Tiger reserve
  3. Mathikettan shola NP
  4. Silent Valley NP
  5. anamudi Shola NP
  6. Pambadum Shola NP

WLS:

  1. Neyyar WLS
  2. Parambikulam WLS, Palakkad
  3. Koyyayam or Kumarakam Bird sanctuary
  4. Wayanad WLS
101
Q

Eravikulam NP?

A
  • located in the High Ranges (Kannan Devan Hills) of the Southern Western Ghats in Idukki district
  • park is in continuity with the neighboring Chinnar WLS, Anamudi Shola National Park, Pampadum Shola National Park, Kurinjimala Sanctuary and Anamalai Tiger Reserve.
  • hosts South India’s highest peak, Anamudi
  • The park represents the largest and least disturbed stretch of unique Montane Shola-Grassland vegetation in the Western Ghats.
  • It houses the special Neelakurinji flowers that bloom once every 12 years and the next sighting is expected to be in 2030.
  • The park holds the largest viable population of the endangered Nilgiri Tahr
  • tributaries of the Periyar river in the west and of the Cauvery River flows thru the park
102
Q

Periyar NP?

A

Kerala

  1. notable as an elephant reserve and a tiger reserve.
  2. forms the major watershed of two important rivers of Kerala, the Periyar and the Pamba.
  3. located high in the Cardamom Hills and Pandalam Hills of the south Western Ghats along the border with Tamil Nadu.
  4. Śabarimala Temple is a temple complex located at Sabarimala inside the Periyar Tiger Reserve. dense forest, part of the Periyar Tiger Reserve, around the temple is known as Poongavanam
103
Q

Silent valley NP?

A
  1. Palakkad district in Nilgiri Mountains of Kerala
  2. Largest NP in Kerala
  3. It is at the heart of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and consists of areas of South Western Ghats rain forests and tropical wet evergreen jungle.
  4. rivers: River Kunthi, Kunthipuzha River
  5. known for many highly endangered species such as lion-tailed macaque, tiger, gaur, Indian civet and sambhar. home to the largest population of lion-tailed macaques
104
Q

Mathikettan shola NP

A

Kerala

  1. river: panniyar
  2. nearby prposed Indian neutrino observatory
105
Q

pampadum Shola NP?

A

safe haven of rare and elusive Nilgiri Marten, whose global population is estimated below 1000.

106
Q

anamudi shola NP?

A

consists of three shola reserve forests (Idivara Shola Reserve, Pullardi Shola Reserve and Mannavan Shola Reserve)

surrounded by Eravikulam National Park, Pambadum Shola National Park, Chinnar Wildlife sanctuary, Mathikettan Shola National Park.

Pambar River, Chinnar river and Thoovanan waterfalls

107
Q

Neyyar WLS?

A

Kerala

the drainage basin for the Neyyar River and its tributaries - Mullayar and Kallar.

The towering peak of Agasthyamalai at an elevation of 1868 meters is a very prominent landmark.

A crocodile farm is home to around 20 mugger crocodiles.

108
Q

Parambikulam WLS?

A

a tiger reserve

in the Sungam range of hills between the Anaimalai Hills and Nelliampathy Hills

109
Q

Wayanad WLS?

A

● The sanctuary is a component of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (5,520 sq km) and is a vital component of the Elephant Reserve No. 7 of South India.
● It is the only sanctuary of Kerala where sightings of four-horned antelopes have been reported.
● Presence of Egyptian vulture, Himalayan griffon, and Cinereous vultures are also reported in the sanctuary and the two species of vultures, red-headed and white-backed vultures, once common in Kerala, are now restricted to the Wayanad plateau.
● The Nagarhole-Bandipur-Mudumalai-Wayanad forest complex is also one of the most important tiger habitats in the country.
● The forests of the wildlife division form the major catchments for the tributaries of the Kabini river system

110
Q

TN: NPs?

A
  1. Guindy NP
  2. Gulf of Mannar NP
  3. Annamalai (Indira Gandhi) NP
  4. mudumalai NP
  5. Mukurthi NP
  6. Karian shola NP

Vedthangal Bird Sanctuary

111
Q

Guindy NP?

A

Chennai, TN

  1. the green lungs of Chennai
  2. one of the very few NP situated inside a city; park is an extension of the grounds surrounding Raj Bhavan, formerly known as the ‘Guindy Lodge’
  3. one of the last remnants of tropical dry evergreen forest of the Coromandel Coast
  4. animals: blackbuck (Near threatened, flagship species of the park), chital or spotted deer, jackal, small Indian civet
  5. also a snake park
112
Q

Anamalai NP?

A

Coimbatore and Tirruppur districts of TN

  1. located in the Anaimalai Hills
  2. A Tiger reserve
  3. rivers: Aliayar , Apambar , Chinnar, Parambikulam
  4. flora: wet evergreen, semi-evergreen, montane shola grassland, moist deciduous, dry deciduous, thorn forests
  5. significant anthropological diversity with more than 4600 Adivasi people from six tribes like Kadars and Malasars
  6. animals: Tiger, Elephant, Leopard, Dhole, Nilgiri Tahr and Lion tailed macaque
  7. Major reservoirs like Parambikulam Reservoir and Amaravathi dam are fed by perennial rivers originating in the park
113
Q

Mudumalai NP?

A

Nilgiri, TN

  1. also a tiger reserve
  2. shares its boundaries with the states of Karnataka and Kerala.
  3. The sanctuary is divided into five ranges – Masinagudi, Thepakadu, Mudumalai, Kargudi and Nellakota.
  4. animals: Indian elephant, Bengal tiger (highest density of tiger in any protected area in India), gaur and Indian leopard.; critically endangered Indian white-rumped vulture and long-billed vulture; 8% percent of bird species in India occur in the Mudumalai
  5. river: Moyar
114
Q

Mukurthi NP?

A

Westernmost tip of TN

  1. park was created to protect its keystone species, the Nilgiri tahr
  2. park is characterised by montane grasslands and shrublands interspersed with sholas in a high altitude area
  3. park is a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
  4. rivers: Billithadahalla, Pykara and Kundah rivers
  5. Native hill tribe communities including the Toda people have harvested firewood from the sholas and grazed their animals including the hill buffalo for centuries.
115
Q

Gulf of Mannar marine NP?

A
  1. consisting of 21 small islands (islets) and adjacent coral reefs in the Gulf of Mannar. Island are grouped into: Tuticorin grp, Vembar grp, Kilakarai grp, Mandapam grp
  2. It is the core area of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve
  3. Mangroves dominate the intertidal zones of the park islands.
  4. animals: dugong (vulnerable; the flagship mammal of the park), various dolphins and whales, Hawks bill turtle; also endangered olive ridley and green turtle
  5. The islands are uninhabited except for Krusadai, Musal and Nallathanni islands
  6. Vaan Island, one of the four islands of the Tuticorn group, has split in two and if immediate efforts are not taken then the island would soon vanish under the sea.
116
Q

Vedthangal Bird Sanctuary?

A

TN

● The sanctuary was notified as RF (Reserve Forest) in 1963 under the Madras Act 1882.
● Finally in 1998, the sanctuary was notified under section 26(i) of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972.
● There are about 28,000 land and water birds visiting this prestigious wetland sanctuary.
● It is home to migratory birds such as pintail, garganey, grey wagtail, blue-winged
teal, common sandpiper and the like.
● It is the oldest water bird sanctuary in the country.
● Vedanthangal in Tamil language means ‘hamlet of the hunter’.
Why in the News?
Keeping in mind “ecological security and habitat ecology” of the Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary, the Tamil Nadu Forest Department has decided to withdraw a controversial proposal that sought to reduce the core area of the sanctuary.

117
Q

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve?

A

includes:

NPs: Mudumalai, Mukurthi, Nagarhole, Bandipur an Silent valley NP

WLS: Aralam, Wayanad and Sathyamangalam WLS

encompasses Kerala, TN and KN

forms an almost complete ring around the Nilgiri Plateau.

It has largest population of two endangered species- lion-tailed macaque and nilgiri tahr

flora: many species exclusively endemic to the Nilgiris; Shola montane temperate grasslands of the reserve are a treasure house of rare plant species.

118
Q

Andhra pradesh: NPs?

A
  1. Rajiv gandhi NP
  2. Sri Venkateswara NP
119
Q

Rajiv Gandhi NP?

A

Cuddapah, Andhra Pradesh

  1. originally noticed as “Rameshvaram National Park”
  2. lies on the north bank of the Penna River
  3. Recently in news due to air pollution caused by lime stone mines and cement companies
120
Q

Sri venkateswara NP?

A

Andhra Pradesh

  1. located in Eastern Ghats spread over the Seshachalam hills
  2. known for its many waterfalls including the Talakona, Gundalakona and Gunjana.
  3. part of Sesachalam biosphere reserve
  4. Most of the rainfall is received from the northeast monsoon
  5. globally threatened yellow-throated bulbul is seen here; grey-fronted green pigeon, a bird of the Himalayas and the Western Ghats; Tiger, Golden Gecko, Slender Loris, Indian Giant Squirrel
121
Q

telangana: NPs?

A
  1. Kasu brahmananda reddy NP
  2. Mahavir Harina Vanasthali NP
  3. Mrugavani NP
  • Kawal Tiger Reserve
122
Q

Kawal Tiger reserve?

A

● Kawal is home to a rich diversity in flora and fauna with more than 300 species of birds, and over 600 tree species with different forest compositions.
● The reserve is located in Telangana.
● The reserve is the oldest sanctuary in the northern Telangana region of the state.
● This sanctuary is catchment for the rivers Godavari and Kadam.
● The sanctuary is one of the richest teak forests in the state, with dense pristine areas free of human disturbance.

123
Q

Sikkim: NPs?

A

Khangchendzonga NP

124
Q

Khangchendzonga NP?

A

Sikkim

  1. also Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve; recently included in the UNESCO MAB
  2. UNESCO world heritage site, first mixed heritage site of India
  3. gets its name from the mountain Kangchenjunga (aka Khangchendzonga) , world’s third highest peak
  4. river: teesta
  5. tribes: Lepcha tribes
  6. park contains Tholung Monastery, one of the most sacred monasteries in Sikkim.
  7. In the north it adjoins the Chomolangma National Nature Preserve in Tibet, and in the west the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area in Nepal.
  8. include temperate broadleaf and mixed forests consisting of oaks, fir, birch, maple and alpine grasses and shrubs at higher altitudes
  9. animals: musk deer, Tibetan sheep, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, dhole (in this area, they are thought to belong to the rare and genetically distinct subspecies), sloth bear
  10. A new species of bird named Himalayan Forest Thrush has been found in 2016
125
Q

Arunachal Pradesh: NPs?

A
  1. Mouling NP
  2. Namdapha NP
126
Q

Mouling NP?

A

Arunachal Pradesh

  1. along with Dibang WLS, forms Dihang-Dibang BR
  2. named after the nearby Mouling peak; means “red poison”, which is believed to be red latex from a tree species found locally
  3. rivers: Siyom (western boundary) plus other smaller tributaries of Siang river like Siring, Krobong, Semong and Subong
  4. often called the state’s cradle of biodiversity; largely inaccessible
  5. Animals such as the takin, goral, Indian leopard, Bengal tiger, barking deer
127
Q

Namdapha NP?

A

near border with Myanmar, Arunachal Pradesh

  1. also a tiger reserve
  2. largest protected area in Eastern india, 4th largest in India; it is a biodiversity hotspot in the Eastern Himalayas
  3. the eastern-most protected area in the country.
  4. located between the Dapha bum range of the Mishmi Hills and the Patkai range
  5. harbours the northernmost lowland evergreen rainforests in the world at 27°N latitude
  6. crossed from east to west by the Noa Dihing River that originates at the Chaukan Pass on Indo-Myanmar border
  7. area falls under both the Palearctic and Indo Malayan biogeographic areas resulting in a diverse species assemblage
  8. animals: critically endangered namdapha flying squirrel (first collected here); leopard, snow leopard, tiger and clouded leopard; five species of hornbills; snowythroated babbler, a rare species of babbler fund onli in Patkai and Mishmi hiils; critically endangered white bellied heron
  9. tribes: Lisu, Chakma, Singhpo
128
Q

Assam: NPs?

A
  1. Kaziranga NP
  2. Dibru-saikhowa NP
  3. Manas NP
  4. Nameri NP
  5. Orang NP
129
Q

Kaziranga NP: except animals that is covered next?

A

Assam

  1. World heritage site
  2. Tiger reserve; 5th highest density of tigers among protected areas in the world (2018 tiger census)
  3. recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International
  4. is a vast expanse of tall elephant grass, marshland, and dense tropical moist broadleaf forests
  5. rivers: circumscribed by Brahmputra; Diphlu, Mora diphlu and Mora Dhansiri
  6. declared as reserve forest in 1905 after intervention by wife of Curzon
130
Q

Kaziranga NP: animals?

A
  1. hosts world’s largest pop of
    • great one-horned rhinoceroses (2413, census 2018) (2/3rd of global pop),
    • wild Asiatic water buffalo (57% of world pop) and
    • Eastern swamp deer;
  2. home to large breeding populations of elephants, wild water buffalo, swamp deer, gaur and sambar
  3. One-Horned rhinoceros, Royal Bengal Tiger, Asian elephant, wild water buffalo and swamp deer are collectively known as ‘Big Five’ of Kaziranga.
  4. one of the few wild breeding areas outside Africa for multiple species of large cats, such as Bengal tigers and leopards.
  5. primates: Assamese macaque, golden langur; only ape found in India, the hoolock gibbon
  6. rivers host endangered Ganges dolphin
  7. was once home to seven species of vultures, but the vulture population reached near extinction, supposedly by feeding on animal carcasses containing the drug Diclofenac.
  8. great Indian hornbill and wreathed hornbill
  9. Two of the largest snakes in the world, the reticulated python and rock python, as well as the longest venomous snake in the world, the king cobra
131
Q

Dibru Saikhowa NP?

A

Dibrugarh and Tinsukia, Assam

  1. also a Biosphere Reserve
  2. bounded by the Brahmaputra and Lohit Rivers in the north and Dibru river in the south
  3. It is the largest salix (willow trees) swamp forest in NE India
  4. Originally created to help conserve the habitat of the rare white-winged wood duck
  5. home to other rare creatures such as water buffalo, black-breasted parrotbill, tiger and capped langur.
132
Q

Manas NP?

A

Assam

  1. UNESCO Natural World Heritage site; was also included in “world heritage site in danger due to heavy poaching and terrorist activities” but removed in 2011
  2. Biosphere reserve
  3. Tiger reserve
  4. elephant reserve
  5. contiguous with the Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan
  6. rare and endangered endemic wildlife such as the Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur and pygmy hog; also famous for its wild water buffaloes
  7. river: manas (tributary of brahmputra) (international border betn India and Bhutan)
  8. , Indian rhinoceros (re-introduced in 2007 after extinction due to heavy poaching
133
Q

Nameri NP?

A

near Tezpur, Assam

  1. shares its northern boundary with the Pakhui WLS of AP
  2. Tiger reserve (2nd in Assam after Manas)
  3. 2 core areas: Nameri National Park & Sonai- Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary
  4. river Jia- Bhoroli, along south, is the lifeline of Nameri; river Bor-Dikrorai, tributary of Jia Bharoli, in east
  5. Jia Bhoroli famous for Golden Mahseer fish
  6. animals: excellent elephant country; tiger, leopard, gaur
  7. birds:endangered bird White- winged Duck (state bird of Assam); migratory birds like Ibisbill and Merganser
134
Q

Orang NP?

A

Assam

  1. located on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra River
  2. animals: great Indian rhinoceros (only stronghold of rhinoceros on the north bank of Brahmputra), pygmy hog, Asian elephant, wild water buffalo and Bengal tiger.
  3. closely managed tiger program called the Species Survival Plan (SSP), with the objective to improve the genetic diversity of managed animal populations, has been launched, with helpof NGO AARANYAK
135
Q

Pobitora WLS?

A

Assam

  1. situated in the flood plains of River Brahmaputra in the district of Morigaon
  2. Today, it harbours the highest density of Rhino in the world and second highest concentration of Rhino in Assam after Kaziranga National Park.
  3. Besides rhinoceros, the other mammals found are Leopard, Leopard cat, Fishing cat, Jungle cat, Feral Buffalo
  4. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary is also an ‘Important Bird Area’ declared by Birdlife International.
  5. Recently, the carcasses of the feral buffaloes were found at the site. Veterinarians have confirmed anthrax as the cause of death. Anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, can be fatal for humans who come in contact with infected animals.
136
Q

Nagaland: NPs?

A

Ntangki NP

137
Q

Ntangki NP?

A

SW edge of Nagaland

  1. name derived frm Zeme dialect of Zeliangrang tribe
  2. animals:rare hoolock gibbon, golden langur, hornbill, Asian palm civet, black stork, tiger
138
Q

Manipur: NPs?

A
  1. Keibul Lamjao NP
  2. Sirohi NP
139
Q

Keibul Lamjao NP?

A

Bishnupur, Manipur

  1. only floating park in the world; on Loktak lake; “too deep to be marsh, too shallow to be a lake”
  2. phumdis: 2/3rd of total park area
  3. main animal: endangered Manipur Eld’s deer or brow-antlered deer aka Sangai aka dancing deer (state animal of Manipur)
  4. Ramsar site
  5. encompasses three hills, namely, Pabot, Toya and Chingjao that provide a refuge for the large mammals during the monsoon season.
  6. tribal groups of the Thang, Brel and Maril tribes
140
Q

Sirohi NP?

A

Manipur

  1. animals: tragopan, the tiger and leopard
  2. famous shirui lily grows here naturally; found only in the upper reaches of the Shirui hill ranges, cannot be transplanted anywhere else in the world.; also has a festival named Shirui Lily festival
141
Q

Mizoram: NPs?

A
  1. Murlen NP
  2. Phawngpui NP
142
Q

Murlen NP?

A

Mizoram

  1. close to the Chin Hills
  2. Only about 1% of the sun’s ray can penetrate the forest on a sunny day. thickness of the forest in the park is generally compared to the forest found in the Amazon region. There is an area in the park where not even a single sun’s ray can penetrate. And for this reason the area has been known as ‘losing area of seven fellow-men’ or land of no return
  3. Some of the trees found in the park are as old as 350 years
  4. animals: tiger, leopard, sambar, barking deer, Malayan giant squirrel
143
Q

Phawngpui NP?

A

Mizoram

  1. close to Burma
  2. bears the name of the mountain Phawngpui, often called the Blue Mountain of Mizoram, which is the highest mountain peak in the state. mountain area of Phawngpui is at most times covered by a thin stretch of clouds, which makes it blue in appearance from a distance
  3. major river Chhimtuipui flowing towards Burma
  4. birds: Mrs. Hume’s pheasant, which is the Mizoram state bird
  5. animals: mountain goat, slow loris, tiger, leopard cat
144
Q

Tripura: NPs?

A
  1. Clouded Leopard NP
  2. Rajbari NP
145
Q

Clouded Leopard NP?

A

Tripura

146
Q

Rajbari NP?

A

Tripura

  1. aka Bison NP
  2. part of trishna WLS
  3. animals: Indian Gaur, deer, Golden langurs, Pheasants
147
Q

Meghalaya: NPs?

A
  1. Balphakram NP
  2. Nokrek NP
148
Q

Balphakram NP?

A

Meghalaya

  1. south of Garo hills, close to the international border with Bangladesh
  2. often termed as the ‘land of spirits’ and the ‘abode of perpetual winds’
  3. animals: barking deer, Asian golden cat, Bengal tiger, marbled cat, wild water buffalo, red panda
  4. rivers: Origin of Mahadeo, Maheshkola, Goneswari, Kanai and Chimite
  5. famous for pitcher plant
149
Q

Nokrek NP?

A

West Garo Hills district, Meghalaya

  1. core area of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, part of UNESCO’s Biosphere reserves
  2. Along with Balpakram national park, Nokrek is a hotspot of biodiversity in Meghalaya
  3. animals: red panda (important), Asian elephant; 7 species of primates like stump tailed macaque and Hoolock gibbons
  4. mother germoplasm of Citrus indica (Indian wild orange) discovered here; led to the establishment of the National Citrus Gene Sanctuary-cum-Biosphere Reserve
  5. river: many rivers originate frm Nokrek range; main Simsang aka Someshwari river; Rongbang dare waterfall and Napak lake
150
Q

A&N islands: NPs?

A
  1. Cambell bay NP
  2. Galathea NP
  3. Mahatma Gandhi Marine NP
  4. Mount Harriet NP
  5. Rani Jhansi Marine NP
  6. Saddle Peak NP
  7. North Button Island NP
  8. Middle button Island NP
  9. South Button Island NP
151
Q

Campbell bay NP?

A

A&N islands

  1. on Great nicobar island
  2. part of the Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve, along with Galathea NP
152
Q

Galathea NP?

A

A&N islands

  1. great Nicobar island
  2. part of Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve, along with Campbell bay NP
  3. animals: giant robber crab, megapode and Nicobar pigeon.
153
Q

Mahatma Gandhi marine NP?

A

A&N island

  1. on the Andaman Islands
  2. created to protect marine life such as the corals and nesting sea turtles prevalent in the area.
  3. 2 major island groups in the park: the Labyrinth Islands and the Twin Islands
  4. flora: most of coral reefs are fringing reefs; Tarmugli, the largest island, is covered with thick mangroves.
154
Q

Mt. Harriet NP?

A

A&N

  1. Mt. harriet third highest peak of A&N after Saddle peak and Mt. Thullier
  2. picture on the back side of ₹ 20 note is taken from Mount Harriet National Park.
  3. animals: Andaman wild pigs (an endangered species), saltwater crocodiles, turtles and robber crabs
  4. also a butterfly hotspot
  5. nearby from the park is Kalapathar, where prisoners used to be pushed down the ravine to their death
  6. also Asian elephants and chital were introduced
155
Q

Rani Jhansi Marine NP?

A

A&N

  1. located in the Ritchie’s Archipelago
156
Q

Saddle Peak NP?

A

A&N

  1. animals and birds : Andaman wild pig, Andaman hill myna, dolphins, whales, saltwater corocodile
157
Q

Button island NPs?

A

A&N

  1. Three separate NPs: North, Middle and South
  2. North : dugong and the dolphin.
  3. Middle: spotted deer
  4. South: smallest National park in India.
158
Q

Consider the following statements regarding Jim Corbett National Park. 1. Jim Corbett National Park was the first to come under the Project Tiger initiative. 2. Jim Corbett National Park is a national park and tiger reserve that completely encompasses the Shivaliks, near the foothills of the Himalayas. 3. Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR) has the highest tiger density in the wild in India.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 2, 3

A

B

Jim Corbett National Park is a national park in India located in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand state. The first national park in India, it was established in 1936 during the British Raj. The park was the first to come under the Project Tiger initiative.
Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR) has reported the highest tiger density among India’s 50 tiger reserves with 14 tigers per 100 sq km.
Rajaji National Park is an Indian national park and tiger reserve that encompasses the Shivaliks, near the foothills of the Himalayas.

Prelims specific (10 decks)

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