Bihar History Flashcards
discontentment of local kings
After insurrection of Raja Chait SINgh of Benares,
1. Pitambar SIngh of Tikari
2. Fateh SIngh, Raja of Hatwa
3. Raja Akbar Ali Khan of Narhat nd Samai (in Gaya)
Noniya revolt
- 1770-1800
- saltpetre
- Hajipur, Tirhut, Saran and Purnea
- started selling saltpetre to other traders
Tribal revolts?
- Dhal revolt 1767-77
- Paharia revolt 1772-1782
- tamar revolt 1782-1820
- Tilka mov 1783-85
- Chero mov 1800-1818
- Ho revolt 1820-22
- Kol revolt 1831
- Bhumij revolt 1832-33
- Santhal revolt 1855
- Sardari mov 1858-95
- Safahor mov 1870
- Kharwar mov 1874
- Munda revolt 1895
- Tana BHagat 1914
Dhal revolt
- 1767-77
- Singhbhum-Manbhum, JH
- Jagannath Dhal, deposed king of Dhalbhum
- Rook and Charles
- accepted to re-install Jagannath Dhal in return of annual rent
Paharia revolt ?
- 1772-82
- Santhal parganas
- Sauriya (in and orth of Rajmahal hills)- Kumarbhag (north of Bansloi river)- Mal (south of Bansloi river)
- leadership of Ramna Aahdi
- also Kariya Pulhar, Sanwariya and Suija
Tamar revolt
- 1782-1820
- deprived of their land; dikus, zamindars
- led by Thakur Bholenath Singh
- Oraon tribe
Tilka revolt
- 1783-85
2.Tilka Manjhi - defend autonomy of tribals and chase out British
- Robinhood
- gureilla war in hills of Sultanganj
- Augustine Cleveland was killed
- arrested in 1785 and hanged from a Banyan tree in Bhagalpur
- first martyr
Chero mov?
- 1800-1818
- Palamu
- led by bhukhan Singh
4.against excessive rent and tenancy - restarted in 1817 under Gghanshyam Singh
Ho revolt
1820-22
Singhbhum region of Chhotanagpur region
Raja Jagannath Singh villain
suppressed by Cap Wilkinson
Kol revolt
1831
Chhotanagpur region- Singhbhum, Palamu and Manbhum
land related discontent
Budhu Bhagat
also Sindrai and Surga
South East Frontier Agency Province was formed
Manki Munda system was recognized with fin and judicial powers
Bhumij revolt
1832-33
leadership of ganga Narayan
Singhbhuma nd veerbhum region
resentment against king of Veerbhum, police, dikus
Ganga Narayan was killed in 1833
Santhal revolt
1855-56
aka Hul mov
Sidhu and Kanhu Murmur; also, Chand, Bhairav as well as their sisters Jhano and Phoolo
aimed to chase away the dikus and establish the rule of santhals
30th June 1855- Big neet at Bhagandeeh; slogan “our country and our rule”; Sidhu was made King, Kanhu made minister, Chand made admin and Bhairav made general
Gen Lloyd was sent
Maj. barrow defeated in July 1855
Sidhu and Kanhu hanged at Badhait; Chand and Bhairav killed in battle of Maheshpur
also imp role by Capt. Alexander, Lt. Thomson and Lt. Reed
regarded as first mass revolution (by Karl Marx)
gave birth to Sahjood mov. in 1840
constitution of Santhal parganas in 1855 by ceding portions of Bhagalpur (which is presently in Bihar) and Birbhum (which is presently in West Bengal) district
Sardari mov
1858-95
against Zamindars
led by Munda sardars with demand of collective farming rights
Chhotanagpur Tenure act 1869
Safahor mov
1870
Lal Hembrom or Lal Baba - father
Santhal Pargana
Mantra of Ram’s name; white flag; sacred thread; banned consumption of meat and alcohol
‘Deshdrohak Dal’
also, Paika Murmu, Pagan Marandi, Rasik Lal Soren
Kharwar mov
1874
non-violent
Bhagirathi Manjhi aka Baba
Munda revolt
Birsa Munda aka Dharti Aaba aka Birsa Bhagawan (15th Nov 1875 in Ulihatu village in Ranchi district)
munda ulgulan
against abolitinoof Khuntkatti system, a system of collective farming; tribals were exploited by Baith Begari system
started in 1895
Birsa Munda arrested on 24th Aug 1895 by Mayers
released on 30th Nov 1897, on occasion of Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee celebration on Throne
mov restarted;
Donka Munda made chief of political issues and Soma Munda made chief of social and religious issues; Gaya Munda appointed as General; Jahan Munda, Demka Munda, Hatheram Munda made advisors
hqr at Khunti
Streatfield Dep. Commissioner of Ranchi at the time
On 3rd Feb 1900 Vir SIngh, A muscleman of Jagmohan Singh of Bandgaon got Birsa arrested for prize money of Rs 500. On 9th June, Birsa Munda died at ranchi due to diarrohea
Gumla and Khunti were constituted as sub-division in 1902 and 1903
On 11th Nov 1908, Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act was passed
Tana BHagat
- staretd in 1914 under leadership of Jatra Oraon as religious mov.
- advocated monotheism, opposed meat, alcohol and tribal dances; advocated return to Jhoom cultivation
- considered an extension of Munda mov.
- main centres- Bishanpur, Ghaghra, Chainpur, Raidih, Mandar
- In Mandar region led by Sibu Bhagat
- Balram Bhagat led in Ghaghra
- Bhikhu Bhagat led in Bishanpur
- A woman named devmamiya- imp role
- 1916- Jatra Bhagat arrested; died in 1917
- Non-violent
In the 3rd phase of this mov, Tana Bhagat participated in National mov led by Gandhiji. In 1921, he participated in NCM under leadership of Sidhu bhagat
Tana BHagat participated in Gaya session in 1922 and in Nagpur session in 1923
In 1940 Ramgarh session, Tana BHagat gifted a sum of Rs 400 to gandhiji
Early congress Days?
- 1908- Nawab Sarfaraz Hussain Khan Bahadur- Bihar Provincial COngress Committee- hqr at Patna
- 1st sesion of Bihar Provincial Conference at Patna in 1908- Sir Ali Imam President- Mazhar ul Haq imp role
- 1912- separate Bihar province and Bankipore (Patna) session of INC (27th); RN Mudholkar President; Mazhar ul Haq chairman of receptio committee; Sachhidananda Sinha Gen Sec
- Mazhar ul Haq and Sachhidanand Sinha elected in 1914 to serve on deputation sent to England by INC along with BN Basu, MA Jinnah, NM Samarth, BN Sharma and Lala Lajpat Rai
Home rule mov
- 16th Dec 1916- meeting at bankipore, Patna- decision to start a Home Rule LEague; Mazhar ul Haq elected as President
- 17th Feb 1918- meeting at Patna- collect subscription and org village campaigns
- 18th April 1918- Annie Besant came to Patna- Arti-residence of Purnendu Narayan Sinha (one of VPs of HRL in BIhar)
- manifesto signed at a meeting at Ali Manzil in Patna by Hasan Imam, PN Sinha and Sarfaraz Hussain Khan
- Anni Besant again visited Patna on 25th Jul 1918
revolutionary nationalism
- Yugantar and Sandhya by BK Ghosh and BN Dutta
- 30th April 1908- bomb thrown by Khudiram and P Chaki- District Judge of Muzaffarpur Kingsford- killed wife and daughter of Mr. Kennedy- Khudiram Bose hanged on 11th Aug 1908 and Chaki shot himself
- Deograh- training and bombs preparation at Sil’s lodge- Sakharam Ganesh Deoskar
- magic lanterns- Indunath Nandy
- branch of Anushilan Samiti was established in Patna in 1913 by Sachindra Nath Sanyal
Champaran Satyagraha
- Raj Kumar Shukla went to 1916 Lucknow session and met Gandhiji
- Braj Kishore Prasad, moved a resolution for it and it was passed
- Raj Kumar Shukla along with Gandhiji started their for Champaran from Calcutta in april 1917 and reached Patna on next day
- Gandhiji visited Motihari, Bettiah and rural areas
- assisted by Rajendra Prasad, lawyer at Patna HC; JB Kriplani, lecturer at langat Singh college at Muzaffarpur and Braj Kishore Prasad
- 25% of illegal dues were compensated
- Champaran Agrarian Act 1918 passed
- also social work- voluntary teachers and social workers came from all over India; schools were started at Bhitiharwa, barharwa (weaving was introduced here) and Madhubani; medical relief started under Servants of India Scoiety; Sri Krishna SIngh also participated
Rowlatt Act satyagrah
- Act passed on 8th March 1919
- No vakil, no dalil no appeal
- Gandhiji arrested at Palwal on his way to PJ
- Jallianwala Bagh on 13th April 1919
Khilafat and NCM: resolutions?
Special session of iNC in Sept 1920 at Calcutta and further endorsed in Nagpur 1920 Session
started from Jan 1921 under leadership of Gandhiji
Khilafat and NCM: Bihar?
resolution passed by Bihar provincial conference on 28th Aug 1920 supporting Gandhiji’s non-violent, non-cooperation which he had declared on 1st Aug; presided over by Rajendra Prasad
Gandhiji visited patna in Dec 1920- laid founation stone of a national college and Bihar Vidyapeeth
Abdul bari joined
5 boycotts- election and legislatures; schools and colleges; schools; driks and drugs; foreign clothes
constructive work- khadi; estab of panchayats; swaraj fund; removal of untouchability; strengthening of congress org
special feature- boycott of auction for settlement of ferries and pounds in Munger and BHagalpur; strike in govt press in Patna; strike in rly collieries at Giridih; police strike in March-April 1921 in Patna, Munger, Purnia and Champaran
Gandhiji visited in Aug 1921 when CWC met in patna
Prince of wales:
statewide hartal on 17th Nov 1921
complete boycott on 22nd Dec
Gandhiji arrested in march 1922
Civil Disobedience Enquiry committee visited Bihar in 1922
37th session (1922) of INC in Gaya; headed by CR Das; Rajendra Prasad elected Secy and office of AICC shifted to Patna; voted for continuance of leg. boycott; Tana Bhagats visited- they took to no tax and stuck to it
Rajendra Prasad participated in famous flag satyagarh at nagpur in 1923
Swaraj Party
Swaraj Party formed at national level on 1st Jan 1923
In Bihar Krishna Singh belonged to pro-changers while Rajendra Prasad beloged to no-changers
Bihar branch of Swaraj Party started in Feb 1923 with Krishna SIngh its President; first meeting on 2nd June 1923
Bihar though remained stronghold of no-changers and swaraj party became dysfunctional by 1925
Simon Commission
An All party meeting presided by Anugrah Narayan Singh
commission visited Patna and Ranchi on 24th Dec
Bihar Socialist Party
1931 by Ramanand Mishra, Gangasharan Sinha, Rambriksh benipuri; formal foundation though happened in 1934 in Anjuman-e-Islamia hall in Patna
Acharya Narayan Dev elected President and JP naraan as Secy
other members- Abdul bari, Karpuri Thakur, Basawan Singh, yogendra Shukla
significant role in organizing peasant and labor movement and during QIM
