Prosthetic Valves Flashcards
The most common symptom of infective endocarditis is:
A. chest pain
B. Dyspnea
C. Orthopnea
D. Fever
D. Fever
The complications of infective endocarditis include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Congestive heart failure B. Embolization C. Valve ring abscess D. Annular calcification
D. Annular calcification
Infective endocarditis is a greater risk in patients with: A. Atrial fibrillation B. Coronary artery disease C. Left ventricular aneurysm D. Prosthetic heart valve
D. Prosthetic heart valve
A patient with a history of intravenous drug abuse presents to the echo lab with complaints of fever, night sweats and weight loss. The most likely explanation is: A. Congestive heart failure B. Coronary artery disease C. Infective endorcarditis D. Kawasaki disease
C. Infective endocarfditis
The classic manifestation of infective endocarditis is cardiac valve: A. Vegetation B. Doming C. Sclerosis D. Tumor
A. Vegetation
The usual site of attachment for vegetations on the mitral valve and tricuspid valve is the:
A. Annulus
B. Atrial side of the valve leaflets
C. Papillary muscles
D. Ventricular surface of the valve leaflets
B. Atrial side of the valve leaflets
The vegetation diameter as determined by 2D echo that is most often associated with systemic emboli is: A. 3 mm B. 5 mm C. 7 mm D. 10 mm
D. 10 mm
The essential 2D echo finding of valve ring abscess secondary to infective endocarditis may be best described as: A. Echolucent B. Mural C. Pedunculated D. Sessile
A. Echolucent
Valve ring abscess is usually cause by: A. Infective endocarditis B. Rheumatic fever C. Valvular prolapse D. Valvular regurgitation
A. Infective Endocarditis
The test of choice for diagnosing the presence of vegetation and thee complications of infective endocarditis is: A. Transthoracic echocardiography B. Transesophageal echocardiography C. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging D. Cardiac catheterization
B. Transesophageal echocardiography
All of the following are types of prosthetic valve types EXCEPT: A. Bioprosthetic (tissue) B. Mechanical (metal) C. Homograft (allograft) D. Native
D. Native
All of the following are bioprosthetic (tissue) valves EXCPET: A. Starr-Edwards B. Edwards Perimount C. Medtronic Intact D. Hancock
A Starr- Edwards
A pulmonic valve relocated to the aortic valve position is called a(n): A. Allograft B. Autograft C. Heterograft D. Xenograft
B. Autograft
Which two cardiac valves need to be evaluated carefully in a patient with the Ross procedure? A. Mitral valve; tricuspid valve B. Aortic valve; pulmonic valve C. Mitral valve; aortic valve D. Aortic valve; tricuspid valve
B. Aortic valve; pulmonic valve
The primary disadvantage of the bioprosthetic (tissue) valve is: A. Thrombus formation B. Lack of durability C. Pannus formation D. Dehiscence
B. Lack of durability
All of the following are mechanical valves EXCEPT: A. Starr Edwards B. St. Jude C. Hancock D. CarboMedics
C. Hancock
The primary disadvantage of the mechanical valve is: A. Dehiscence B. Pannus ingroth C. Thrombogenicity D. Durability
C. Thrombogenicity
The most common ball and cage valve is the: A. Starr-Edwards B. Omniscience C. St Jude D. Medtronic Hall
A. Starr-Edwards
The most common bileaflet tilting disc valve is the: A. St. Jude B. Starr-Edwards C. Medtronic-Hall D. Omiscience
A. St Jude
A prosthetic heart valve that is associated with a relatively high rate of outlet strut fracture and disc embolism is the: A. Bjork-Shiley B. Carpentier-Edwards C. Starr-Edwards D. Omiscience
A. Bjork Shiley
Abnormal rocking motion of a prosthetic valve by 2D echo indicates prosthetic valve: A. Dihiscence B. Stenosis C. Thrombus D. Vegetation
A. Dihiscence
The excessive ingrowth of tissue for a prosthetic valve is called. A. Thrombus B. Vegetation C. Pannus D. Dehiscence
C. Pannus
Complications associated with prosthetic valve disfunction include all of the following EXCPET: A. Dehiscence B. Leaflet degeneration C. Thrombus D. Tumor
D. Tumor
All of the following should be determined when evaluating a prosthetic valve with cardiac Doppler EXCEPT: A. Peak velocity B. Mean pressure gradient C. Effective orifice area D. Shunt ratio
D. Shunt ratio
Cardiac Doppler evaluation of a prosthetic mitral valve should include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Effective oriface area B. Peak mitral valve A wave velocity C. Peak and mean pressure gradients D. Pressure half-time
B. Peak mitral valve A wave velocity
The best DOPPLER formula for calculating the effective oriface area (EOA) in a patient with mitral valve replacement is: A. 4 x V2^2 B. 4 x (V2^2-V1^2) C. (CSA LVOT x VTI LVOT) / VTI MV D. 220 / PHT
C. (CSA LVOT x VTI LVOT) / VTI MV
The determination of prosthetic mitral valve regurgitation and prosthetic tricuspid valve regurgitation is made difficult by the artifact called: A. Slice thickness B. Shadowing C. Mirroring D. Enhancement
B. Shadowing
The best Doppler method for evaluating aortic valve replacement is probably:
A. Deceleration slope
B. Maximum peak instantaneous pressure gradient
C. Pressure halt time
D. Velocity ratio
D. Velocity ratio
All of the following are true statements concerning prosthetic valves EXCEPT:
A. A baseline study should be obtained post-surgery
B. Velocities depend upon the size
D. Prosthetic valve regurgitation is always abnormal
