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Echo 500 cards > Prosthetic Valves > Flashcards

Prosthetic Valves Flashcards

1
Q

The most common symptom of infective endocarditis is:

A. chest pain
B. Dyspnea
C. Orthopnea
D. Fever

A

D. Fever

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2
Q 
The complications of infective endocarditis include all of the following EXCEPT: 
A. Congestive heart failure
B. Embolization
C. Valve ring abscess
D. Annular calcification
A

D. Annular calcification

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3
Q 
Infective endocarditis is a greater risk in patients with:
A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Coronary artery disease
C. Left ventricular aneurysm
D. Prosthetic heart valve
A

D. Prosthetic heart valve

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4
Q 
A patient with a history of intravenous drug abuse presents to the echo lab with complaints of fever, night sweats and weight loss. The most likely explanation is:
A. Congestive heart failure
B. Coronary artery disease
C. Infective endorcarditis
D. Kawasaki disease
A

C. Infective endocarfditis

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5
Q 
The classic manifestation of infective endocarditis is cardiac valve:
A. Vegetation
B. Doming
C. Sclerosis
D. Tumor
A

A. Vegetation

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6
Q

The usual site of attachment for vegetations on the mitral valve and tricuspid valve is the:
A. Annulus
B. Atrial side of the valve leaflets
C. Papillary muscles
D. Ventricular surface of the valve leaflets

A

B. Atrial side of the valve leaflets

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7
Q 
The vegetation diameter as determined by 2D echo that is most often associated with systemic emboli is:
A. 3 mm
B. 5 mm
C. 7 mm
D. 10 mm
A

D. 10 mm

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8
Q 
The essential 2D echo finding of valve ring abscess secondary to infective endocarditis may be best described as:
A. Echolucent
B. Mural
C. Pedunculated
D. Sessile
A

A. Echolucent

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9
Q 
Valve ring abscess is usually cause by:
A. Infective endocarditis
B. Rheumatic fever
C. Valvular prolapse
D. Valvular regurgitation
A

A. Infective Endocarditis

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10
Q 
The test of choice for diagnosing the presence of vegetation and thee complications of infective endocarditis is:
A. Transthoracic echocardiography
B. Transesophageal echocardiography
C. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
D. Cardiac catheterization
A

B. Transesophageal echocardiography

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11
Q 
All of the following are types of prosthetic valve types EXCEPT:
A. Bioprosthetic (tissue)
B. Mechanical (metal)
C. Homograft (allograft)
D. Native
A

D. Native

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12
Q 
All of the following are bioprosthetic (tissue) valves EXCPET:
A. Starr-Edwards
B. Edwards Perimount
C. Medtronic Intact
D. Hancock
A

A Starr- Edwards

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13
Q 
A pulmonic valve relocated to the aortic valve position  is called a(n):
A. Allograft
B. Autograft
C. Heterograft
D. Xenograft
A

B. Autograft

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14
Q 
Which two cardiac valves need to be evaluated carefully in a patient with the Ross procedure?
A. Mitral valve; tricuspid valve
B. Aortic valve; pulmonic valve
C. Mitral valve; aortic valve
D. Aortic valve; tricuspid valve
A

B. Aortic valve; pulmonic valve

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15
Q 
The primary disadvantage of the bioprosthetic (tissue) valve is:
A. Thrombus formation
B. Lack of durability
C. Pannus formation
D. Dehiscence
A

B. Lack of durability

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16
Q 
All of the following are mechanical valves EXCEPT:
A. Starr Edwards
B. St. Jude
C. Hancock
D. CarboMedics
A

C. Hancock

17
Q 
The primary disadvantage of the mechanical valve is:
A. Dehiscence
B. Pannus ingroth
C. Thrombogenicity
D. Durability
A

C. Thrombogenicity

18
Q 
The most common ball and cage valve is the:
A. Starr-Edwards
B. Omniscience
C. St Jude
D. Medtronic Hall
A

A. Starr-Edwards

19
Q 
The most common bileaflet tilting disc valve is the:
A. St. Jude
B. Starr-Edwards
C. Medtronic-Hall
D. Omiscience
A

A. St Jude

20
Q 
A prosthetic heart valve that is associated with a relatively high rate of outlet strut fracture and disc embolism is the:
A. Bjork-Shiley
B. Carpentier-Edwards
C. Starr-Edwards
D. Omiscience
A

A. Bjork Shiley

21
Q 
Abnormal rocking motion of a prosthetic valve by 2D echo indicates prosthetic valve:
A. Dihiscence
B. Stenosis
C. Thrombus
D. Vegetation
A

A. Dihiscence

22
Q 
The excessive ingrowth of tissue for a prosthetic valve is called. 
A. Thrombus
B. Vegetation
C. Pannus
D. Dehiscence
A

C. Pannus

23
Q 
Complications associated with prosthetic valve disfunction include all of the following EXCPET:
A. Dehiscence
B. Leaflet degeneration
C. Thrombus
D. Tumor
A

D. Tumor

24
Q 
All of the following should be determined when evaluating a prosthetic valve with cardiac Doppler EXCEPT:
A. Peak velocity
B. Mean pressure gradient
C. Effective orifice area
D. Shunt ratio
A

D. Shunt ratio

25
Q 
Cardiac Doppler evaluation of a prosthetic mitral valve should include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Effective oriface area
B. Peak mitral valve A wave velocity
C. Peak and mean pressure gradients
D. Pressure half-time
A

B. Peak mitral valve A wave velocity

26
Q 
The best DOPPLER formula for calculating the effective oriface area (EOA) in a patient with mitral valve replacement is:
A. 4 x V2^2
B. 4 x (V2^2-V1^2)
C. (CSA LVOT x VTI LVOT) / VTI MV
D. 220 / PHT
A

C. (CSA LVOT x VTI LVOT) / VTI MV

27
Q 
The determination of prosthetic mitral valve regurgitation and prosthetic tricuspid valve regurgitation is made difficult by the artifact called:
A. Slice thickness
B. Shadowing
C. Mirroring
D. Enhancement
A

B. Shadowing

28
Q

The best Doppler method for evaluating aortic valve replacement is probably:
A. Deceleration slope
B. Maximum peak instantaneous pressure gradient
C. Pressure halt time
D. Velocity ratio

A

D. Velocity ratio

29
Q

All of the following are true statements concerning prosthetic valves EXCEPT:
A. A baseline study should be obtained post-surgery
B. Velocities depend upon the size

A

D. Prosthetic valve regurgitation is always abnormal

Echo 500 cards (11 decks)

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