Pericardial Disease Flashcards
The two layers of the pericardium are: A. Epicardium ; endocardium B. Epicardium; fibrous pericardium C. Myocardium; parietal pericardium D. Visceral pericardium; myocardium
B. Epicardium; fibrous pericardium
The most common presenting symptom of acute pericarditis is: A. Chest pain B. Cachexia C. Hemoptysis D. Fatigue
A. Chest pain
All of the following are associated findings for pericarditis EXCEPT:
A. Pericardial friction rub
B. Pericardial effusion by echocardiography
C. Fever
D. Tachycardia
B. Pericardial effusion by echocardiography
The best guideline for differentiating pericardial effusion from pleural effusion by 2D echo is:
A. Pericardial effusion is located anterior to the DA;
pleural effusion is present posterior to the DA
A posterior echo free space is detected during the systolic phase only by M-mode/2D echo. This is considered a: A. Normal finding B. Small pericardial effusion C. Moderate pericardial effusion D. Large pericardial effusion
A. Normal finding
An anterior clear space is noted in PLAX. The dx is most likely: A. Adipose tissue B. Pericardial effusion C. Cardiac tamponade D. Constrictive pericarditis
A. Adipose tissue
Fibrin within the pericardial effusion most likely indicates: A. Cardiac tamponade B. Constrictive pericarditis C. Acute myocardial infarction D. Long-standing pericardial effusion
D. Long-standing pericardial effusion
The pulse associated with cardiac tamponade is: A. Pulsus alternans B. Pulsus biferens C. Pulsus paradoxis D. Pulsus parvus et tardus
C. Pulsus paradoxis
All of the following are associated M-mode /2D echo findings for cardiac tamponade EXCEPT:
A. Pericardial effusion (usually moderate to large)
B. Right atrial diastolic collapse
C. Right ventricular systolic collapse
D. Inferior vena cava plethora
C. Right ventricular systolic collapse
The swinging heart syndrome is associated with: A. Pericardial effusion B. Cardiac trauma C. Constrictive pericarditis D. Mitral Valve Prolapse
A. Pericardial effusion
PW Doppler evidence of cardiac tamponade includes:
A. Systolic flow reversal in the pulmonary veins
B. Systolic flow reversal in the hepatic veins
C. Inspiratory increase in peak velocity across the MV w/ an inspiratry decrease in the TV
D. Inspiratory decrease in peak velocity across the MV w/ an inspiratory increase in peak velocity across the TV
D. Inspiratory decrease in peak velocity across the MV w/ an inspiratory increase in peak velocity across the TV
PW Doppler evidence of cardiac tamponade from diastolic hepatic vein flow is: A. Expiratory decrease B Expiratory increase C. Inspiratory increase D. Inspiratory reversal
A. Expiratory decrease
The most effective treatment for cardiac tamponade is: A. Aspirin B. Bed rest C. Pericardiectomy D. Pericardiocentisis
D. Pericardiocentisis
A thickened, inflamed, adherent, or calcified pericardium is associated with: A. Cardiac tamponade B. Constrictive pericarditis C. Mitral stenosis D. Pulmonary embolism
B. Constrictive pericarditis
All of the following are possible etiologies of constrictive pericarditis EXCEPT: A. Prior pericardiotomy B. Tuberculosis C. Radiation therapy to the chest region D. Atherosclerosis
D. Atherosclerosis
Cardiac catheterization findings for constrictive pericarditis include:
A. Absent “a” wave
B. Dip-and-plateau
C. Increased “v” wave
D. Increased peak-to-peak pressure gradient
B. Dip-and-plateau
Echo signs associated with constrictive pericarditis include all of the followini EXCEPT: A. Increased EPSS B. Inferior cava plethroa C. Railroad track sign D. Septal bounce
A. Increased EPSS
The most likely PW Doppler mitral flow pattern in constrictive pericarditis is: A. Impaired relaxation B. Pseudonormal C. Restrictive D. Normal for age
C. Restrictive
PW Doppler evidence of constrictive pericarditis includes:
A. Increased peak velocity across the MV with inspiration
B. Increased peak velocity across the AV with inspiration
C. Increased peak velocity across the MV with expiration
D. Increased peak velocity across the TV with expiration
C. Increased peak velocity across the MV with expiration
Doppler evidence of constrictive pericarditis from diastolic hepatic vein flow is: A. Expiratory decrease B. Expiratory increase C. Inspiratory increase D. Systolic flow reversal
A. Expiratory decrease
Respiratory changes > 25% with hepatic diastolic flow decrease of reversal w/ expiration are two important signs of presence of constrictive
The TDI finding for constrictive pericarditis is Mitral Valve annulus: A. Increased S' wave peak velocity B. Normal E' wave peak velocity C. E'/A' ratio reversal D. Absent A' wave
B. Normal E’ wave peak velocity
The TDI finding of the mitral annulus in constrictive pericarditis is called: A. Pulsus paradoxus B. Annulus paradoxus C. Beck's triad D. Kussmaul's sign
B. Annulus paradoxus
The combination of pericardial effusion and constrictive pericarditis is called: A. Cardiac tamponade B. Pericardial cyst C. Effusive-constrictive pericarditis D. Libman-sacks
C. Effusive-constrictive pericarditis
The most common location for pericardial cyst is the : A. Hilum B. Left costophrenic angle C. Right costrophrenic angle D. Superior mediastinum
C. Right costrophrenic angle
Air in the pericardial sac is known as: A. Cardiac tamponade B. Effusice-constrictice pericardium C. Hemopericardium D. Pneumopericardium
D. Pneumopericardium
As echo findings for congenital absence of the pericardium is volume overload of the: A. Left atrium B. Left ventricle C. Right atrium D. Right ventricle
D. Right ventricle
