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Echo 500 cards > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q 
A membrane is visualized in the left atrium and appears to be superior to the fossa ovalis. The findings suggest; 
A. mitral stenosis 
B. Supravalvular mitral ring
C. Cor triatriatum 
D. Tetralogy of Fallot
A

C. Cor triatrium

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2
Q 
All of the following are expected echo/Doppler finding in the elderly EXCEPT:
A. Mitral annular calcification
B. Aortic valve sclerosis
C. Mid left atrial dilation
D. Mitral valve E/A ratio of 1.5
A

D. Mitral valve E/A ratio of 1.5

With aging, the ratio declines

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3
Q

All of the following are findings for ankylosing spondylitis EXCEPT:
A. Dilation of aortic annulus
B. Dilation of the sinuses of Valsalva
C. Thickened aortic valve leaflets with AI
D. Acute myocardial infarction

A

D. Acute myocardial infarction

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4
Q 
All of the following are possible sources of systemic embolism EXCEPT:
A. Aortic regurgitation
B. Aortic atherosclerosis 
C. Left atrial myxoma
D. Left ventricular apical thrombus
A

A. Aortic regurgitation

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5
Q 
Thickening of the aortic valve leaflets with normal systolic excursion with a Doppler peak velocity of less than 2 m/s is the defenition for aortic valve:
A. Stenosis
B. Prolapse
C. Sclerosis
D. Flail
A

C. Sclerosis

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6
Q

All of the following are normal characteristics of a normal athlete’s heart EXCEPT:
A. Concentric hypertrophy
B. Tissue Doppler E’ peak velocity > 8 cm/s
C. Left atrial dilatation
D. Normal E/A mitral ratio

A

C. Left atrial dilatation

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7
Q

All of the following are expected echo/Doppler findings for a-fib EXCEPT:
A. Normal mitral valve E/A ratio
B. Biatrial dilatation
C. Reduced left atria appendage peak velocity
D. vein absent atrial reversal wave

A

A. Normal mitral valve E/A ratio

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8
Q

Which of the following mitral valve PW Doppler parameters suggests increased left heart filling pressures in a patient with a-fib?
A. Decreased mitral E velocity
B. Reduced mitral valve deceleration time (< 130msec)
C. Absent mitral valve A wave
D. Increased mitral valve A duration

A

B. Reduced mitral valve deceleration time (< 130msec)

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9
Q 
A left atrial volume is determined to be 44 ml/m^2. The left atrium is:
A. Normal
B. Enlarged
C. Hyperdynamic
D. Thrombosed
A

B. Enlarged

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10
Q

The expected echo/Doppler findings for cocaine ingestion include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Acute myocardial infarction
B. Reduced global ventricular systolic function
C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
D. Acute aortic dissection

A

C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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11
Q 
The echo/Doppler findings for cor pulmonale are very similar to:
A. Ischemic heart disease
B. Pulmonary hypertension
C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
D. Hemochromatosis
A

B. Pulmonary hypertension

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12
Q 
A membrane is visualized in the left atrium and appears to be superior to the fossa ovalis. This finding siggests:
A. Mitral stenosis
B. Supravalvular mitral ring
C. Cor triatrium
D. Tetralogy of Fallot
A

C. Cor triatrium

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13
Q

A common echo finding in a cardiac surgery patient is:
A. Paradoxical interventricular septal motion
B. Pleural effusion
C. Valvular prolapse
D. Valvulra stenosis

A

A. Paradoxical interventricular septal motion

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14
Q 
Which of the following is the most likely finding in Chagas disease?
A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
B. Mitral Stenosis
C. Dilated cardiomyopathy
D. Aortic stenosis
A

C. Dilated cardiomyopathy

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15
Q

The echo/Doppler findings for diabetes include:
A. Dilated cadriomyopathy
B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C. Restrictive cariomyopathy
D. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

A

A. Dilated cadriomyopathy

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16
Q 
In the parasternal short-axis of the mitral valve, two seperate mitral valve orifaces are seen during ventricular diastole. This suggests:
A. Flail mitral valve
B. Cleft mitral valve
C. Mitral valve prolapse
D. Double oriface mitral valve
A

D. Double oriface mitral valve

Associated with: av septal defects, ebsteins anomaly, tetrallogy of fallot and coarctation of aorta

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17
Q 
A string like structure is seen in the apex of the left ventricle. This finding may be called all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Moderator band
B. Ectopic chordae
C. False tendon
D. Chordal web
A

A. Moderator band

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18
Q 
All of the following are possible echo/Doppler findings for Ehlers-Danlos EXCEPT:
A. Ascending arotic aneurysm
B. Valvular prolapse
C. Mitral stenosis
D. Ventricular septal defects
A

C. Mitral stenosis

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19
Q 
The expected echo finding for Fabry's disease is mitral valve:
A. Stenosis
B. Prolapse
C. Flail
D. Vegetation
A

B. Prolapse

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20
Q 
The echo/Doppler findings for Friedreich ataxia include:
A. Left ventricular hypertrophy
B. Thickened mitral valve
C. Libman-Saks endocarditis
D. Aortic Stenosis
A

A. Left ventricular hypertrophy

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21
Q 
The classic echo/finding for Pompe's disease is:
A. Aortic stenosis
B. Mitral stenosis
C. Left ventricular hypertrophy
D. Coarctation of the aorta
A

C. Left ventricular hypertrophy

glycogen storage disease, may result in LVH, tumor like appearance of pap muscles or poor global function

22
Q

The most common reason for CHF in the US is:
A. Reduced global systolic function due to CAD
B. Diastolic dysfunction
C. Pressure overload (ex: systemic hypertension)
D. Volume overload (ex: significant mitral regurgitation)

A

A. Reduced global systolic function due to CAD

23
Q

The echo/Doppler findings for hyperthyroidism is:
A. Enhanced left ventricular systolic function
B. Mitral stenosis
C. Aortic stenosis
D. Significant valvular regurgitation

A

A. Enhanced left ventricular systolic function

24
Q

The echo/Doppler findings in hypothyroidism include:
A. Reduced global left ventricular systolic function
B. Pericardial effusion
C. Thickened mitral valve
D. Coarctation of the aorta

A

A. Reduced global left ventricular systolic function

25
Q 
All of the following are associated echo/Doppler findings for Marfans syndrome EXCEPT:
A. Mitral stenosis
B. Aortic root dilation
C. Aortic dissection
D. Valvular regurgitation
A

A. Mitral stenosis

26
Q 
A membrane at the level of the mv annulus is mitral valve
A. Prolapse
B. Flail
C.  Ring
D. Annular calcification
27
Q 
Rupture of the vasa vasorum into the media of the aortic wall may result in:
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Supravalvular aortic stenosis
C. Intramural hematoma
D. Coarctation of the aorta
A

C. Intramural hematoma

28
Q 
The classic echo findings for Noonan syndrome is:
A. Ventricular septal defect
B. Dysplastic pulmonary valve
C. Bicuspid aortic valve
D. Dilated cardiomyopathy
A

B. Dysplastic pulmonary valve

29
Q 
Osler-Weber-Rendu disease is associated with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. The preferred echo/Doppler technique to determine the presence of this findings is:
A. Mmode
B. Two-dimensional
C. Color flow Doppler
D. Agitated saline contrast
A

D. Agitated saline contrast

appearing in the LA, 3 or more cardiac cycles after injection suggests presence of pulmonary AV fistula

30
Q 
All of the following are most likely to mimic the findings of mitral stenosis EXCEPT:
A. Left atrial myxoma
B. Cor triatrium
C. Parachute mitral valve
D. Infective endocarditis
A

D. Infective endocarditis

31
Q 
Penetrating aortic ulcer is considered to be:
A. Congenital 
B. Idiopathic
C. Aortic dissection
D. Aortopulmonary window
A

C. Aortic dissection

32
Q 
A dilated CS is visualized in PLAX. An agitated saline contrast study is performed and contrast is noted to appear in the CS before entering the right atrium. The diagnosis is most likely:
A. Normal
B. Persistent left superior vena cava
C. Patent foramen ovale
D. Inlet ventricular septal defect
A

B. Persistent left superior vena cava

33
Q

The echo/Doppler findings for pheochromocytoma include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Segmental wall motion abnormalities
C. Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy
D. Acute myocarditis

A

A. Aortic aneurysm

34
Q 
All of the following are associated findings for pulmonary embolism EXCEPT:
A. Left ventricular hypertrophy
B. D-shaped left ventricle
C. Right ventricular dilatation
D. Tricuspid regurgitation
A

A. Left ventricular hypertrophy

35
Q 
Pulmonary vein stenosis may result in:
A. Left atrial enlargement
B. Left ventricular hypertrophy
C. Pulmonary hypertension
D. Mitral regurgitation
A

C. Pulmonary hypertension

36
Q 
A common 2D echo finding in patients with chronic renal failure is:
A. Pericardial effusion
B.  Pulmonary hypertension
C. Aortic dissection
D. Mitral valve prolapse
A

A. Pericardial effusion

37
Q 
The most common echo/Doppler findings in SCLERODERMA is:
A. Mitral stenosis
B. Pericardial effusion
C. Ebsteins anomaly
D. Pulmonary stenosis
A

B. Pericardial effusion

38
Q 
Tuberous sclerosis is associated with:
A. Myxoma
B. Angiosarcoma
C. Rhabdomyoma
D. Fibroma
A

C. Rhabdomyoma

39
Q 
The combination of left ventricular inflow tract obstruction and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is called:
A. Ebsteins anomaly
B. Uhl's anomaly
C. Shone's complex
D. Takayasu's disease
A

C. Shone’s complex

40
Q

Which of the following is strongly associated with syncope?
A. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
B. Perimembranouse venticular septal defect
C. Carcinoid heart disease
D. Rheumatic fever

A

A. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

41
Q 
The most common echo/Doppler finding in systemic lupus erythematosus is:
A. Aortic stenosis
B. Coarctation of the aorta
C. Left atrial myxoma
D. Pericardial effusion
A

D. Pericardial effusion

42
Q 
An aortic arteritis associated with marked intimal proliferation and fibrous scarring is:
A. Libman-Sacks
B. Takayasu's disease
C. Shone's complex
D. Marfan's syndrome
A

B. Takayasu’s disease

43
Q

All of the following are normal findings in cardiac transplantation patients EXCEPT:
A. Reduced global ventricular systolic function
B. Biatrial dilatation
C. Mild tricuspid regurgitation
D. Paradoxical interventricular septal motion

A

A. Reduced global ventricular systolic function

44
Q 
Turner syndrome is associated with:
A Mitral valve prolapse
B. Aortic dissection
C. Rhabdomyoma
D. Coarctation of the aorta
A

D. Coarctation of the aorta

May also be associated with bicuspid AV and hypoplastic left heart

45
Q 
Papillary muscle dysfunction usually results from:
A. Dressler's syndrome
B. Ischemic heart disease
C. Infective endocarditits
D. Rheumatic heart disease
A

D. Rheumatic heart disease

46
Q 
In normal young patients, most ventricular filling occurs during:
A. Atrial systole
B. Early ventricular diastole
C. Diastasis
D. During the PR interval
A

B. Early ventricular diastole

47
Q 
Which of the following is NOT associated with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy?
A. Supravalvular aortic stenosis
B. Aortic stenosis
C. Discrete subaortic stenosis
D. Cor pulmonale
A

D. Cor pulmonale

48
Q

The principal echo feature of the left bundle branch block is:
A. Early systolic dip of the interventricular septum
B. Hyperkinesis of the interventricular septum
C. Hyperkinesis of the lateral wall of the left ventricle
D. Posterior motion of the interventricular septum

A

A. Early systolic dip of the interventricular septum

49
Q 
Electrical pacing of the right ventricle mimics the eloectrocardiographic and echocardiography findings of:
A. Complete atrioventricular block
B. Left bundle branch block
C. Right bundle branch block
D. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
A

B. Left bundle branch block

50
Q 
Two venticular pacing wires are implanted with one placed in the RV and on at the LV free wall region via the CS. This is a description of (a):
A. Holter monitor
B. Cadiac reynchronization therapy
C. Left ventricular assist device
D. Conventional pacemaker therapy
A

B. Cadiac reynchronization therapy

51
Q 
The motion of a congenitally stenotic aortic valve can be described as:
A. Doming
B. Hypokinetic
C. Fluttering
D. Flail
52
Q

Dilated CS has been associated with all the following EXCEPT:
A. Coronary AV fistula with drainage into the CS
B. Mitral regurgitation
C. Persistent left SVC
DRight atrial hyoertension

A

B. Mitral regurgitation

Echo 500 cards (11 decks)

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