Prostate conditions

Question 1

most common cancer in men

Answer 1

prostate cancer

Question 2

risk factors for prostate cancer (3)

Answer 2

> 65 y/o
black
family history

Question 3

do you get urinary tract symptoms in prostate cancer

Answer 3

probs not, cancers occur in the peripheral zones (BPH happens in central zones)

Question 4

presentation of prostate cancer (4)

Answer 4

bone pain (bone mets)
asymptomatic (no urinary symptoms)
haematuria/haematospermia
weight loss

Question 5

investigations for prostate cancer (3)

Answer 5

PSA
PR exam
TRUS biopsy

Question 6

what is PSA a marker of

Answer 6

prostate gland activity (glycoprotein enzyme)

Question 7

apart from prostate cancer, when else can PSA be high

Answer 7

BPH
catheterisation 
UTIs 
ejaculation 
cycling

Question 8

PR exam of prostatic cancer

Answer 8

hard and asymmetrical

Question 9

which staging score do you get from biopsy in prostatic cnacer

Answer 9

gleasons score

Question 10

treatment of low risk prostatic cancer

Answer 10

nothing - keep an eye on it

hormone therapy (anti-oestrogens that bind to prostate testosterone = apoptosis)

Question 11

treatment of high risk prostatic cancer with bone mets

Answer 11

radiotherapy

Question 12

treatment of high risk prostatic cancer

Answer 12

surgery

chemo

Question 13

mets in prostatic cancer

Answer 13

osteosclerotic metastasis

Question 14

do people die from prostate cancer

Answer 14

no

Question 15

is benign prostatic hyperplasia common

Answer 15

yes, 75% of 70 y/o men

Question 16

cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 16

hormone imbalance (altered androgen/oestrogen ratio)

Question 17

where in the prostate does benign prostatic hyperplasia happen

what does this cause

Answer 17

central zone

urethral symptoms (urinary frequency, overflow incontinence, poor stream)

Question 18

investigations for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 18

PR exam
PSA
biopsy

Question 19

when do you do a biopsy when trying to differentiate between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer

Answer 19

is either PSA or PR exam are abnormal

Question 20

PR exam in benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 20

smooth/rubbery (not hard like cancer)

symmetrical/asymmetrical

Question 21

treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia (3)

Answer 21

alpha blockers (eg tamsulosin)
5 alpha reductase inhibitors (eg finasteride)
surgery (TURP or TUIP)

Question 22

what is TURP

Answer 22

shaving away the prostate from the inside

Question 23

first line treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 23

alpha blockers (tamsulosin)

Question 24

what do alpha blockers (tamsulosin) do for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 24

cause smooth muscle contraction in ureters = force pee out

Question 25

what do 5 alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride) do for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 25

shrink prostate