Prostate cancer

Question 1

prostate cancer

Answer 1

most common cancer in men, second leading cause of death in men, slowest growing of all malignancies, treatable if found early

Question 2

risk factors

Answer 2

• advanced age >60
• first degree relative
• african american
• diet high in animal fat (red meat)

Question 3

Signs and symptoms

Answer 3

(signs of BPH)
- nocturia
- dysuria
- hematuria
- painful intercourse
- pain in multiple areas
- swollen lymph in groin
- irregular nodules in prostate on DRE
S/S don’t show up until later in disease process

Question 4

Diagnosis

Answer 4

1- PSA- prostate specific antigen, increased in individuals that have it, show if you need DRE or other exam, blood test
2- DRE- digital rectal exam- used to be standard
3- Transrectal US- probe in rectum
4- biopsy- through rectum

Question 5

Take action

Answer 5

Discussion about screening:
- age 50 for average risk
- age 45 for high risk
- age 40 for even higher risk
- change in dietary habits- decrease red meat, increase fruit and veg

Question 6

Treatment

Answer 6

surgery most often
- TURP
- Orchiectomy- removal of testical -slows by moving main source of testosterone
- cryotherapy- cold beam into prostate to kill cells
- radiation
- chemo
- anti-androgen drugs- tamoxifen

Question 7

Laparoscopic prostatectomy

Answer 7

Criteria- PSA less than 10
no previous hormone therapy or abd surgery

decreased hospital stay
nerve-sparing
decreased foley time

Question 8

Radical prostatectomy

Answer 8

more advanced cancer
reconstruct urethral neck
may have incontinence or trouble w erection
pain control, assistence w/ mobilization, potential for dvt, I/O, foley care, avoid straining, pt will go home with catheter