Breast Cancer Flashcards
Risk factors
- women
- older age >55
- genetics, history, heritage (Ashkenazi Jew)
- never had children
- early menstruation before 12 (early)
- late menopause >55
-oral contraceptives
-hormone replacement therapy (HRT) - alcohol use
- obesity
- radiation exposure
Stage 1
Insitu- no lymph node, no outside breast, only inside tumor
stage 2
in lymph nodes- still treatable
stage 3
beyond region- invaded muscles and lymph- not metastasized, treatable
stage 4
metastasis
Insitu
noninvasive
Ductal Carcinoma Insitu (DCIS)
in milk ducts, inflammatory response, treated to avoid invasion, non invasive- lumpectomy- remove cancerous tissue- radiation and chemo
Lobular Carcinoma Insitu (LCIS)
lobules- older women, treated, has potential to invade, non invasive- lumpectomy- radiation and chemo
Invasive ductal carcinoma
most common of invasive breast CA, mammary ducts, irregular pattern, can spread to lymph, in milk ducts
Inflammatory breast cancer
most dangerous, late stage, lymphatic channels, very advanced- metastasized, skin changes, peau d’orange, crusty painful weeping mass
Prevention
- risk factors
- imaging- mammogram -> ultrasound -> biopsy (definitive)
- BRCA1 and BRCA2
- prophylactic mastectomy
- chemoprevention- tamoxifen
Imaging and screening
- yearly mammograms at age 40
- breast self awareness
- risk factors/ s/s to assess for
- BSE- monthly no later than age 20- not around period
- clinical breast exam- doctors office- 20-30 every 3 years, then at 40 yearly
-high risk groups
treatment
-surgery
-radiation
-chemo
-complementary /integrative therapy
-targeted therapy
-hormonal therapy (tamoxifen)
sentinel lymph node biopsy
why? to determine if cancer has spread beyond primary tumor
starts with the sentinel node- needle into tumor with dye, if it spreads to lymph nodes, will remove the lymph nodes if dyed
lumpectomy
just removal of the tumor- breast conserving surgery
