Prostate / Bladder Cancers

Question 1

______ is the most common cancer in men

Answer 1

Prostate cancer

Question 2

What age is a risk factor for prostate cancer?

Answer 2

50

Question 3

Early stage prostate cancer …

Answer 3

Rarely produces symptoms

Question 4

What diagnostic test is used for diagnosis of early stage prostate cancer?

Answer 4

Digital rectal exam (DRE)

Question 5

What DRE findings indicate early stage prostate cancer? (2)

Answer 5

• Small
• Firm nodules

Question 6

______ are often undetectable by DRE

Answer 6

Lesions

Question 7

What DRE findings indicate advanced stage prostate cancer? (3)

Answer 7

• Stony
• Hard
• Fixed

Question 8

What are the manifestations of advanced stage prostate cancer? (3)

Answer 8

• Blood in urine / semen
• Painful ejaculation
• Sexual dysfunction

Question 9

Where does prostate cancer commonly metastasize to? (2)

Answer 9

• Lymph nodes
• Bones

Question 10

What is the primary laboratory test used for prostate cancer diagnosis?

Answer 10

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Question 11

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ______ indicates need for further testing for prostate cancer

Answer 11

≥ 4

Question 12

If a DRE is positive for prostate cancer, a ______ will be performed

Answer 12

Biopsy

Question 13

What type of radiation therapy is used for treatment of prostate cancer?

Answer 13

Brachytherapy

Question 14

What is brachytherapy?

Answer 14

Implantation of interstitial radioactive seeds

Question 15

Describe the education associated with brachytherapy

Answer 15

Avoid close contact with pregnant women / infants for 2 months

Question 16

What are the side effects of brachytherapy? (4)

Answer 16

• Rectal inflammation
• Rectal fistula
• Urinary / erectile dysfunction
• Diarrhea

Question 17

What type of hormonal therapy is used for treatment of prostate cancer?

Answer 17

Androgen deprivation therapy

Question 18

What are the side effects of androgen deprivation therapy? (3)

Answer 18

• Decreased bone density
• Gynecomastia
• Mastodynia

Question 19

What is the primary manifestation of bladder cancer?

Answer 19

Painless hematuria

Question 20

What type of chemotherapy is used for treatment of bladder cancer?

Answer 20

Intravesical chemotherapy

Question 21

Describe intravesical chemotherapy

Answer 21

Once the bladder is full, the patient must retain the intravesical solution for 2 hours before voiding

Question 22

During intravesical chemotherapy, the patient should change positions every ______ to ensure maximum contact with the bladder wall

Answer 22

15 minutes

Question 23

What type of radiation therapy is used for treatment of bladder cancer?

Answer 23

Hydrostatic therapy

Question 24

Describe hydrostatic therapy

Answer 24

Balloon is placed in the bladder to decrease blood supply to the tumor

Question 25

Urinary diversions can be either …

Answer 25

Continent or incontinent

Question 26

What is the most common type of urinary diversion?

Answer 26

Ileal conduit

Question 27

Describe an ileal conduit (2)

Answer 27

• Ureters are attached to part of the ileum
• A bag is used to collect urine

Question 28

An ileal conduit is ______

Answer 28

Incontinent

Question 29

Describe an orthotopic neobladder (2)

Answer 29

• Creates a new bladder from parts of the intestine
• Requires bladder training

Question 30

An orthotopic neobladder is ______

Answer 30

Continent

Question 31

Describe an indiana pouch

Answer 31

A segment of the ileum / cecum forms a urine reservoir

Question 32

An indiana pouch is ______

Answer 32

Continent

Question 33

Describe a nephrostomy (2)

Answer 33

• A tube is placed into the kidney
• A bag is used to collect urine

Question 34

A nephrostomy is ______

Answer 34

Incontinent