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NURS 310 - Exam 3 > Diverticular Diseases / Colorectal Cancer > Flashcards

Diverticular Diseases / Colorectal Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is an EGD?

A

Insertion of a scope through the mouth / nose

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2
Q

What does an EGD visualize? (3)

A
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Duodenum
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3
Q

Describe the nursing interventions associated with an EGD (3)

A
  • NPO 8 hours before
  • NPO 2 hours after
  • Assess gag reflex
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4
Q

What is a colonoscopy?

A

Insertion of a scope through the anus

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5
Q

What does a colonoscopy visualize?

A

The entire colon

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6
Q

Why are patients not permitted to drink liquids with red dye?

A

May be confused with blood

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7
Q

A colonoscopy is part of the ______ intestine

A

Large

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8
Q

An ileostomy is part of the ______ intestine

A

Small

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9
Q

Describe diet pre-op ostomy (2)

A
  • Small, frequent meals
  • Clear liquids
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10
Q

Describe medications pre-op ostomy (2)

A
  • Antibiotics to decrease intestinal flora
  • Laxatives to cleanse / empty bowel
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11
Q

Describe assessments post-op ostomy (3)

A
  • Ostomy site
  • Drainage
  • Stoma
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12
Q

______ is encouraged post-op ostomy to promote proper bowel functioning

A

Early ambulation

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13
Q

Stoma / skin surrounding the stoma may be ______

A

Edematuous

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14
Q

Describe expected stoma color

A

Pink / beefy red

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15
Q

Describe unexpected stoma color

A

Pale / purple / black

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16
Q

Describe the expected stoma drainage post-op

A

Small amount of serosanguinous drainage

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17
Q

What type of drainage is expected from an ileostomy?

A

Liquid stool

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18
Q

What type of drainage is expected from a colostomy?

A

Formed stool

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19
Q

What problem is unique to a patient with an ileostomy?

A

Regular bowel movements cannot be established

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20
Q

______ of the skin surrounding the stoma may occur due to acidic content of the bowel

A

Excoriation

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21
Q

Describe ostomy skin care (2)

A
  • Skin prep with barrier cream
  • Apply the appliance close to the stoma
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22
Q

An ostomy appliance should be changed every ______

A

5 - 10 days

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23
Q

An ostomy should be emptied every ______

A

4 - 6 hours - when 1/2 full

24
Q

When emptying an ostomy bag, is it important to …

A

Burp the bag

25
Q

What foods should be included in the diet to control ostomy odor? (2)

A
  • Spinach
  • Parsley
26
Q

What medication is used to control ostomy odor?

A

Bismuth subcarbonate tablets

27
Q

______ refers to sac-like herniation of the colon wall

A

Diverticulum

28
Q

Where can diverticula occur?

A

Anywhere in the GI tract - esophagus to colon

29
Q

What is diverticulosis?

A

Presence of multiple diverticula WITHOUT inflammation / symptoms

30
Q

What are the causes of diverticulosis? (3)

A
  • Decreased muscle strength in colon
  • High intraluminal pressure
  • Lack of fiber
31
Q

Describe the education associated with diverticulosis (3)

A
  • Avoid smoking
  • Avoid NSAIDs
  • Increase fiber intake
32
Q

What types of foods should be avoided for the prevention of diverticulosis? (4)

A
  • Refined sugar
  • Red meat
  • Fat
  • Dairy
33
Q

What is diverticulitis?

A

Inflammation of one or more diverticula

34
Q

Where is the most common site for diverticulitis?

A

Sigmoid colon

35
Q

What is the primary laboratory finding used for the diagnosis of diverticulitis?

A

Leukocytosis

36
Q

What is the primary diagnostic test used for the diagnosis of diverticulitis?

A

Abdominal CT scan with contrast

37
Q

Diverticulitis manifestations have an acute onset of mild to severe cramping in the ______

A

LLQ

38
Q

What are the complications associated with diverticulitis? (4)

A
  • Intraabdominal abscess
  • Hemorrhage
  • Peritonitis
  • Fistula
39
Q

An intraabdominal abscess can be caused by ______

A

Perforation

40
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

41
Q

Why is peritonitis considered an emergent situation?

A

It can spread through the bloodstream to other organs

42
Q

Where is a colovesicular fistula located?

A

Colon to bladder

43
Q

Where is a colovaginal fistula located?

A

Colon to vagina

44
Q

Uncomplicated diverticulitis is mostly treated ______

A

Outpatient

45
Q

Describe the treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis (4)

A
  • Rest
  • Oral fluids
  • Analgesics
  • Antibiotics not required
46
Q

What is complicated diverticulitis?

A

Diverticulitis with one or more complications present

47
Q

Describe the treatment of complicated diverticulitis (4)

A
  • NPO
  • IV fluids
  • Opioids
  • Broad spectrum antibiotics
48
Q

______ may be prescribed in the case of vomiting / abdominal distention associated with complicated diverticulitis

A

NGT suctioning

49
Q

______ can be used to help move feces in the treatment of with diverticulosis / diverticulitis

A

Bulk laxatives (psyllium)

50
Q

What food triggers should be avoided with diverticulosis / diverticulitis? (2)

A
  • Nuts
  • Popcorn
51
Q

Small bowel cancer is usually an ______ finding

A

Incidental

52
Q

What are the manifestations of small bowel cancer? (2)

A
  • Occult bleeding
  • Sustained weight loss
53
Q

Colorectal cancer may start as a ______

A

Benign polyp

54
Q

What are the manifestations of colorectal cancer? (2)

A
  • Change in bowel habits
  • Blood in stool
55
Q

What is the primary screening method used for diagnosis of colorectal cancer?

A

Colonoscopy

56
Q

A ______ is the only screening tool that can also remove polyps

A

Colonoscopy

57
Q

Use of ______ can prevent colorectal cancer

A

Aspirin

NURS 310 - Exam 3 (9 decks)

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