Common Nutritional Disorders

Question 1

Which type of dysphagia refers to difficulty moving food from the mouth to the esophagus?

Answer 1

Transfer dysphagia

Question 2

Which type of dysphagia refers to difficulty moving food down the esophagus?

Answer 2

Transport dysphagia

Question 3

Which type of dysphagia refers to difficulty moving food from the esophagus into the stomach?

Answer 3

Delivery dysphagia

Question 4

What are the manifestations of dysphagia? (3)

Answer 4

• Recurrent pneumonia
• Coughing while eating / drinking
• Gurgling / “wet” sounding voice after eating / drinking

Question 5

Describe the nursing interventions associated with dysphagia (4)

Answer 5

• Sit upright
• Keep suction available
• Tuck chin while swallowing
• Alter liquid / food consistency

Question 6

Any client who is suspected of having dysphagia should have a consult with ______ to determine if any dietary changes are needed

Answer 6

Speech therapy

Question 7

______ occurs when either endogenous or exogenous substances make their way into the lower airways

Answer 7

Aspiration pneumonia

Question 8

Aspiration pneumonia affects what processes? (2)

Answer 8

• Ventilation
• Oxygenation

Question 9

______ is the most common form of aspiration pneumonia

Answer 9

Bacterial aspiration

Question 10

What are the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia? (4)

Answer 10

• Dysphagia
• Dehydration
• Diminished cough reflex
• Tube feedings

Question 11

What diagnostic testing is used for the diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 11

Bedside dysphagia screening

Question 12

A patient with aspiration pneumonia should be ______

Answer 12

NPO

Question 13

Describe the nursing interventions associated with aspiration pneumonia (3)

Answer 13

• Consult speech therapy
• Administer antibiotics
• Administer fluids

Question 14

BMI of ______ indicates obesity

Answer 14

≥ 30

Question 15

Define malnutrition

Answer 15

Deficiency or excess in energy / nutrient intake

Question 16

Patients who are malnourished can be either …

Answer 16

Underweight or overweight

Question 17

Describe the treatment of malnutrition for patients who are underweight (4)

Answer 17

• Calorie dense foods
• Appetite stimulants
• Nutritional supplements
• TPN

Question 18

What types of nutritional supplements are used for underweight patients? (2)

Answer 18

• Folic acid
• Thiamine

Question 19

Describe the gerontologic considerations associated with malnutrition (3)

Answer 19

• Decreased peristalsis
• Decreased hunger contractions
• Decreased absorption of nutrients

Question 20

Failure to thrive is an a manifestation of ______

Answer 20

An underlying condition

Question 21

Failure to thrive is defined as a weight loss of ______

Answer 21

> 5%