Prostate Flashcards
What kind of organ is the prostate?
Retroperitoneum
What borders the prostate?
- anteriorly by the pubic bone
- posteriorly by the rectum
- superiorly by the bladder
- inferiorly by the urogenital diaphragm
What is the vasculature of the prostate?
Inferior vesical artery with branches from the internal iliac artery
What is the Peripheral Zone of the prostate?
posteriorly located portion of the prostate containing 70% of the prostatic glandular tissue.
** Location of most cancers
What is the Central zone of the prostate?
superiorly located portion of the prostate containing 25% of the tissue.
- Ejaculatory ducts pass through this zone from seminal to urethra
What is the Transitional zone of the prostate?
contains 5% of the tissue.
*** site of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
What is the Fibromuscular zone of the prostate?
anteriorly located nonglandular portion of prostate
** not affected by cancer, prostatitis, hyperplasia
What kind of grading system do we use for prostate cancers?
Gleason Grading System
- higher the score, cancers more aggressive and worse prognosis
What lab increases with age and prostate volume?
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
What will cause an elevation in PSA?
- prostate cancer
- BPH
- Prostatitis
What is considered normal for PSA?
< 4 ng/ml : Normal
4 - 10 ng/ml : Benign / potential malignancy
> 10 ng/ml : Cancer most likely
What is the appearance of the prostate?
- cancer will most likely appear as hypoechoic, peripherally- oriented lesion
- larger the lesion, higher the PSA
What is a Transrectal Ultrasound?
- TRUS
- introduction of PSA screening, TRUS aid for needle biopsy
What is a lesion directed biopsy?
biopsy based on a sonographic lesion infrequently used due to its poor detection rate
What is a Systematic Sextant Biopsy?
taking biopsies 3 on right and 3 on left that detection rate was superior to lesion-directed method
