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ABD Boards! > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the pancreas lie?

A

-Retroperitoneal structure that lies between the duodenal loop and the splenic hilum

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2
Q

What is the pancreas divided into?

A
  • uncinated process
  • neck
  • body
  • tail
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3
Q

What is the pancreas exocrine function?

A

Secrete trypsin, lipase, and amylase through the ductal system.

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4
Q

What is the pancreas endocrine function?

A

Secrete insulin though the islets of Langerhans

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5
Q

What is the normal measurement of the pancreas?

A

< 3 cm anterior to posterior

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6
Q

What is the head of the pancreas anterior to?

A

IVC

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7
Q

What is the head of pancreas medial to?

A

Duodenum

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8
Q

What is the CBD posterior / lateral to?

A

Pancreatic head

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9
Q

The gastroduodenal artery is what in relation to pancreatic head?

A

Anterior / lateral

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10
Q

What is posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

A

SMA and SMV

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11
Q

What is anterior to the uncinated process?

A

SMA and SMV

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12
Q

The body of the pancreas is anterior to what?

A

Aorta

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13
Q

Where is the celiac axis in reference to the pancreas?

A

Superior border of the pancreas

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14
Q

Where is the SMA in reference to the pancreas?

A

Inferior border

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15
Q

What are the branches off the celiac axis?

A
  • Hepatic Artery

- Left gastric artery which divides into the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery

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16
Q

Where is the splenic artery in reference to the pancreas?

A

Superior border of the body and tail of pancreas

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17
Q

What is the right gastric artery a branch off of?

A

Proper hepatic artery

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18
Q

What does the GDA divide into?

A
  • right gastroepiploic artery

- superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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19
Q

Where is the splenic vein in reference to the pancreas?

A

posterior pancreatic tail

20
Q

What makes up the MPV?

A

Splenic vein and SMV

21
Q

What is the accessory pancreatic duct?

A

Duct of Santorini

22
Q

What is the main pancreatic duct?

A

Duct of Wirsung

23
Q

What is the normal measurement for pancreatic ducts?

A

< 2 mm

24
Q

What are all the structures intact with the pancreatic head?

A
  • IVC
  • CBD
  • Ampulla of Vater
  • GDA
  • C loop of duodenum
25
Q

What is Acute pancreatitis?

A

Inflammation disease producing temporary pancreatic changes

- most common cause is alcoholism and gallstones

26
Q

Know about chronic pancreatitis…

A

Irreversible destruction due to repeated bouts of pancreatic inflammation

27
Q

What is the most common cause for pancreatitis?

A

Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis

28
Q

What labs will be elevated in pancreatitis?

A
  • serum amylase

- lipase

29
Q

Know about pancreatic cysts…

A
  • true cysts are very rare
  • associated with polycystic kidney disease
  • associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
30
Q

What is Cystic Fibrosis?

A

Exocrine gland disorder resulting in viscous secretions causing pancreatic dysfunction
- meconium ileus is a common associated with condition

31
Q

What are some findings for cystic fibrosis?

A
  • increased pancreatic echogenicity
  • gland atrophy
  • fibrosis and fatty replacement
  • cysts due to ductal obstruction
32
Q

What is a pancreatic pseudocyst?

A

accumulation of pancreatic fluid and necrotic debris confined by the retroperitoneum

33
Q

Where does the fluid enter in a pseudocyst?

A

Lesser sac

34
Q

What is a Pancreas Divisum?

A

Failure of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic ductal systems to fuse during embryonic development resulting in the smaller Santorini’s duct draining the pancreas

35
Q

What is an Annular Pancreas?

A

congenital anomaly where the ventral pancreas encircles the second portion of the duodenum
- present as “double-bubble” sign, dilated stomach and duodenal bulb

36
Q

Know about Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma…

A

when found, too late. Fatal disease. Survivial rate not high. Mets to Liver.

  • solid hypoechoic mass
  • Elevated labe : Bilirubin, Alk phos. ,GGT, Amylase, Lipase
37
Q

What is a Whipple Procedure?

A

Removal of head of pancreas, bile duct, GB, and duodenum is removed.

38
Q

What is a pancreatic serous cystadenoma?

A
  • benign
  • associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease
  • grape like cysts
39
Q

What is a Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm?

A
  • malignant or potential malignancy

- Increased CEA levels ( carcinoembryonic Antigen)

40
Q

What s the most common Islet sell tumor?

A

Insulinoma

41
Q

What is a Gastrinoma?

A
  • Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
  • Second most common tumor
  • Frequently malignant
42
Q

What is a common location for islet cell tumors?

A

body and tail of pancreas

43
Q

What is Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia?

A
  • Inherited endocrine disorder
  • MEN type 1: Wermer Syndrome
  • MEN type 2: Sipple’s Syndrome
44
Q

What are the most common involvements of MEN?

A
  • Parathyroids
  • Pancreatic islet cells
  • Pituitary glands
  • adrenal glands
  • thyroid
45
Q

Summary of chapter of relationships and labs…

A

Page 76 ESP

ABD Boards! (12 decks)

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