Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards
What is the normal measurement of the bowel wall?
3 to 5 mm
What are the layers of the bowel?
- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis externa
- adventitia or serosa
What kind of sign do intestinal pathology create?
- “gut signature”
- “target” or “pseudokidney” sign
What is the Gastroesophageal Junction?
segment of esophagus between the diaphragm and the stomach
- seen posterior to left lobe liver
What is Pneumoperitoneum?
- Air within the peritoneal cavity
- most common: Perforated Ulcer
- Patient supine, air will float anteriorly
Know about Acute Appendicitis…
- most common cause of acute abdominal pain
- Location: anterior to iliacs, posterior to terminal ileum
What is McBurney’s point?
RLQ location between umbilicus and the iliac crest
What is appendicitis caused by?
Obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by a fecalith or hyperplasia of the submucosa
What are the criteria for diagnosing appendicitis?
- Non-compressible appendix
- > 6 mm diameter
- appendicolith (fecalith)
- Increased color flow
What is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
causes a functional gastric outlet obstruction as a result of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the muscular layers of the pyloris
What is the typical age group for pyloric stenosis?
- 3 to 8 weeks of age
- Signs: Vomiting, Palpable olive-shaped pyloris. visible peristalsis
What are the sizes for a pyloric stenosis?
Muscle thickness: > 3 mm (3-4 mm)
Channel length: > 17 mm ( 14 to 24 mm)
Cross section diameter: > 15 mm
What is the most accurate measurement for a pyloric stenosis?
- muscle wall thickness
What is diverticulitis?
- inflammation of the diverticulum
- most occur in Sigmoid colon
- thick bladder wall ( > 4 mm)
- abscess formation
What is the most common reason for bowel obstruction?
Extrinsic (adhesions, hernia)
