Prosody Flashcards
What is prosody
Patterns of intonation, timing and loudness (incl stress, prominence and rhythm)
Intonation (f0 contour) is speech at utterance level and explains the emotional intent oof the speaker.
False - pitch at utterance level
Prosody refers to the rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech
True
Changes in pitch are a key component of prosody.
True
Prosodic features can vary across languages and dialects
True
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may exhibit atypical prosodic patterns in their speech.
True
Prosody is a fixed aspect of speech that does not change over time.
False - it changes
English is a tonal language.
False
Don’t have words that are the same in all segmentals.
F0 declination is referred to as the tendency of F0 to decrease gradually over the course of an utterance.
True
Sonority is the loudness level of a sound relative to other sounds of similar length, pitch, and stress.
True
Syllabic stress is not language defined.
False
It is language defined
Suprasegmentals are phonetic events whose characteristics extend beyond the duration of segments.
True
What is used to differentiate “I am aching a lot” from “I am making a lot”
Juncture
Increased duration of one or more
syllables in an utterance-final position can
signal the end of words or complete
utterances
True
Duration is also defined by juncture, pause/time separation of syllables
True
What is syllabic stress?
the use of ƒo, intensity, and/ or duration to place emphasis on one or more syllables of a word
Prominence of the syllables are speaker defined
True
Define prominence
The amount of emphasis placed upon a syllable or group of syllables to convey meaning
What are the 3 acoustic cues that define syllabic stress
Duration, intensity and F0
Prosody manifests mainly in
suprasegmentals
Define speech rhythm and is it language dependent?
Timing pattern of syllables.
Yes
Lexical tone is when some languages uses pitch changes to differentiate between words
True
Prosodic phrasing example:
My sister | who lives in Edinburgh | has just had twins ||
=
|| =
= word group boundary
|| = utterance boundary
The primary intonational distinction in English is between falling and rising pitch patterns expressed on the last lexical stress (nuclear accent) in the phrase.
True
Phonetic events whose characteristics extend beyond the duration of segments are called
suprasegmentals
Give an example of a suprasegmental
fundamental frequency (F0)
Declarative utterances show a decrease in F0 at the start of an utterance after which it gradually falls.
False - increase initially
Question utterances has a fall-rise pattern of F0 and different intonation contous
True
