Phonation Flashcards
Name the 3 CAPE-V stimuli.
- Sustained vowels a/i
- CAPE V SENTENCES: all vowels, easy onset, voiced, glottal attack, weighted
- Spontaneous speech
Vocal fold histology: arrange layers from superficial to deep (and add function)
- Epithelium (protection)
- SLP (flexibility/elasticity for VF vibration)
- ILP (structural support)
- DLP (structural integrity)
- Vocalis m. (control VF tension and stiffness)
Name 4 standard stimuli used in auditory-perceptual assessment of voice.
S/SPSV
Spontaneous speech (“talk for 1 min – your favorite vacation”)
Standard passage (Rainbow, Grandfather, Caterpillar, etc.)
Standard sentences (e.g., CAPE-V, see slide ahead)
Sustained vowel (may need to have them speak, “one, two, threeee”)
What are the 3 characteristics of the vocal fold which affect the F0.
Mass per unit length of VF
Length of VF
Tension of VF
What are the 3 functions of the Larynx
Protection(airway protection during swallowing), Respiration (regulation of airflow) and Phonation (Larynx produces sounds through vibration)
Define Harmonic to noise ratio
Measures the ratio between periodic and non-periodic components (Vocal cord vibration and glottal noise) of a speech sound.
Organize the biomechanics of vocal fold vibration in the correct order. 10 steps
- Approximation (adduction) of the vocal folds
- Thoracic cavity compressed for exhalation
- Subglottic air pressure increases
- Vocal folds are pushed laterally (out)
- Inferior (lower) border of the vocal fold separates before the superior (upper): Convergent shaped glottis
- Upper margins separate from air pressure and lateral pull of the elastic tissue
- Airflows through open glottis
- (Bernouli effect) Increase in velocity of the airflow results in decrease in pressure perpendicular to the direction airflow
- Resulting in the abduction of the vocal folds
10.The lower border returns to the midline first: Divergent shaped glottis
T/F A low Harmonic to noise ratio relates to dysphonia
True
What does each letter on the GRBAS scale stand for?
Grade
Roughness
Breathiness
Asthenia (abnormal weakness)
Strain
Define jitter and give the value
Variation in frequency (pitch) of a soundwave between cycles
Between 0.5 and 1.0% for the sustained phonation
Define Shimmer and value
The amplitude variation of the sound wave (loudness).
Presence of noise emission or breathiness.
Pathological voice: for
< 3% for adults
0.4 and 1% for children
Name 2 patient reported voice measures.
Voice Handicap Index (VHI)
Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ)
Voice Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL))
Define Bernoulli’s principle.
1.fundamental principle in fluid dynamics 2. describes the behavior of fluids as they move through various conditions,
3. focusing on
changes in pressure and velocity.
Basic assumption of Myo-elastic aerodynamic theory
VF vibration occurs due to the balance between airflow from the lungs and VF tension.
Subglottic air pressure > resistance of the VF
VF open letting air flow
Air pressure drops
Elastic properties of the VF let it return to resting position
Leading to vibration and sound
Components of myoelastic aerodynamic theory
Myo: muscles control tension and elasticity of VF
Elastic: Bernouli Principle - as air flows through glottis the p decreases which closes VF
Aero: airflow through trachea into glottis
Dynamic: Subglottal Pressure builds up and initiates and maintain VF vibration
What are the two components of the neural source filter theory?
Sound source - VF vibration
Filter - Vocal tract
What is the basic assumption of the neural source filter theory?
Source (VF virbration) made by larynx is then shaped by filter (vocal tract).Different sounds caused by variation in VT
Describe the body-cover mechanical
model of the vocal folds
Cover: epithelium, SLLP, ILLP (stiff helps with wave motion of VF)
Body: DLLP & Vocalis muscle (Compliant - regulate VF tension)
Quantal theory main assumption
Speech sounds are produced by quantal changes at articulators and vocal tract.
T/F When jitter or shimmer is excessive it is perceived as vocal roughness/breathiness
True
How does F0 change in low intensity or high frequency phonation
How does F0 change in high intensity or low frequency phonation
Low: Cricothyroid (CT) contracts -> thyroid cartilage moves ant. -> VF lengthen -> Cover stiffens > MPUL decrease > F0 raises
High: TA m. > AC moves ant. > VF shortens > Cover relaxes > MPUL increase > F0 lowers
T/F The greater the lung pressure the greater the vibrational amplitude/lateral stretch the greater the F0
True
T/F Lung pressure is the major regulator of intensity
T
Increased lung pressure causes an increased mucosal wave amplitude and creates greater acoustic power. T/F
T
