Prosodic Features Flashcards
What are some differences between speech and writing
speech:
- less highly values in society
- dynamic and transient
- more informal and unplanned
face - face interaction
immediate feedback
support by prosodic and paralinguistics
Writing
- more highly values in society
- static and permanent
- more formal and remote
planned and reworked
no visual contact or contextual effects
no immediate feedback
not supported by prosodics
Spoken Mode
Came before writing natural or primary mode of communication
Relies on orl cues - intonation - pitch etc
relies on visual cues: vocal effects, whispers eye gaze etc
Periodic Features
Relate to the pronunciation of syllables, words and phrases
Stress
The emphasis/ strength placed on a particular syllables , part of a word or the whole word
Pitch and Intonation
Pitch is the level/ height of a sound ( low or high )
Intonation is the pattern of the pitch - how the pitch changes across a word or utterance by sailing and falling pitch
Tempo
Tempo/ pace is the speed of speaking
Slow speech/ normal speech/ fast speech
Volume
Is the loudness and softness
Discourse & pragmatics
Discourse is the overall pattern and structure of a spoekn or written tect, which enables it to communicate - meaning
Pragmatics considers how language is used within a given connect and how contact contributes to meaning
Pragmatics features help us distinguish it from writing.
- vocal effect (coughs - laughter - whispering)
- Body language (eye gaze - gesture - facial expression)
- Creakiness and breathiness
Transcript Conventions
Transcripts are set out in intonation units, and these provide important information about how the discourse Sounds i.e the meaning encoded by the speaker in the utterances
Written mode
Is permanent. It is bound to the paper it is written on.
