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RPE > Prophecy and revelation > Flashcards

Prophecy and revelation Flashcards

1
Q

What motivates a Muslim?

A
  • Their eschatological beliefs (afterlife)
    • Getting to paradise
      ○ To get to paradise, Muslims believe they must do the following
      ○ Have faith (Iman) by believing in the 6 articles of faith
      Practise righteous deeds by following the 5 pillars of Islam
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2
Q

What are the six articles of faith?

A
  • Belief in the existence of god and the oneness of god (Allah)
  • Belief in the existence of angels (Malaikah)
  • Belief in the existence of the books of which God is the author: the Quran, the Gospel, the Torah and Psalms
  • Belief in the existence of all prophets
  • Belief in the existence of the day of judgement
  • Belief in the existence of God’s predestination
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3
Q

What are the characteristics of angels?

A
  • An angel is a body made of light with both hands and wings, created by Allah.
    • They are sinless
    • They are submissive to him, therefore they have no free will.
    • They are usually invisible, though they can become visible if necessary.
    • Angels are messengers to humans so Allah can communicate with them, for if humans directly speak to Allah they will die because he is so transcendent.
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4
Q

What does Sura 2:98 say on angels?

A

“Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His angels and apostles, to Jibril and to Mikail, Lo! Allah is an enemy to those who reject faith”

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5
Q

what does sura 2:98 suggest about angels?

A

“Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His angels and apostles, to Jibril and to Mikail, Lo! Allah is an enemy to those who reject faith”, which means that not believing in angels counts as rejecting faith, therefore Muslims would have to have faith in angels in order to be God-conscious and worship Allah as angels are an article of faith.

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6
Q

What are the angels described as in sura 66:4?

A

Allah’s “assistants”

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7
Q

Who is Jibril?

A

the chief angel, and the divine messenger of Allah
- Jibril is only mentioned three times in the Qur’an by name
- The Night of Power - also referred to as Laylat ul-Qadr - falls within the final ten days of the month of Ramadan. It is believed to be the night when the first verses of the Holy Qur’an were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), as guidance for all of mankind. He taught Muhammad how to pray.
- Jibril was sent to breathe Allah’s spirit into Mary in order to conceive Jesus/isa

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8
Q

who is Mikail?

A

oversees mundane matters, and keeps the devil out of heaven

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9
Q

who is Izrail?

A

the angel of death, he takes the last breath of humans when they die

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10
Q

who are Munkar and Nakir?

A

they interrogate souls in graves

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11
Q

who is Izrafil?

A

responsible for the day of judgement and will sound the last trumpet.

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12
Q

Who is Iblis?

A

the devil, who refused to bow to Allah, and tries to turn humans from God

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13
Q

What does Turner say on angels?

A
  • angels are the mirrors which reflect the divine essence - this enables us to glimpse this reflection and know God
  • “Angels are not there because God needs them but because we need them”
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14
Q

What is a nabi?

A

prophet

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15
Q

what does a nabi do?

A

○ Receive important revelations that have impact for their societies
○ Communicate the message of Allah, perhaps to rasul
○ there are 124,000, possibly more
○ Every human population has received a prophet

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16
Q

what is a rasul?

A

messenger

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17
Q

what does a rasul do?

A

○ Have a higher status to nabi
○ Receive a new law/instruction/commandment from Allah that will become scripture
○ 313 rasul in the Qur’an, but only 25 named

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18
Q

every _____ is a _____ but not every _____ is a _____

A

Every rasul is a nabi but not every nabi is a rasul

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19
Q

What does sura 6:48 say on rasul?

A

“We send the messengers [rasul] only to give good news and to warn: so those who believe and mend [their lives], upon them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve”

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20
Q

what does sura 3:84 say on prophets?

A

‘We believe in Allah and what was revealed to us and what was revealed to Abraham and Ishmael and to Isaac and Jacob and his descendants, and the teachings which Allah gave to Moses and Jesus and to other Prophets. We make no distinction between any of them and to Him do we submit’

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21
Q

What qualities did Ibrahim show?

A

○ Showed total faith
○ Rejected idolatry
○ Monotheist
○ Total submission to God
○ Resilience

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22
Q

what scripture did Ibrahim deliver?

A

the scrolls

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23
Q

what did ibrahim do? (7)

A
  • The story of the sacrificial son - Ibrahim would have sacrificed Ishmael had Allah not stopped him, showing total submission
  • He took away idols from the temple and people tried to burn him for this, however God rescued him from the fire.
  • He and Ishmael built the Kabah
  • Receives gift of black stone which is set into the Kabah, securing a way for all Muslims to be judged fairly by God and for salvation (one of the articles of faith) for future generations
  • In the Qur’an, it says that the scriptures were revealed to him which made him a true messenger - received the scrolls
  • Resurrection of the birds - Allah’s miracle worked through Ibrahim
  • Ibrahim is said to throw stones in order to drive away the devil. This is re-enacted by Muslims today who throw stones when on hajj.
24
Q

what qualities did musa show?

A

○ Total faith in God
○ Resilience
○ Bravery

25
Q

what scripture did musa deliver?

A

torah

26
Q

what is musa revered as ?

A

Musa is revered in Islam as Kalim Allah, meaning the one who talks with God - because he recevied the torah directly from god

27
Q

what did musa do? (5)

A
  • God spoke to him through the burning bush, telling him to free the Israelites from Egypt - important as only time god didnt use angel to communicate
  • Escaped from the slaughter of baby boys by the Pharaoh
  • Freed the Israelites from Egypt - the parting of the Red Sea
  • Killed a man out of anger
  • told muslims to pray 5 times
28
Q

what qualities did isa show?

A

○ Compassion
Total faith in God

29
Q

what did isa do? (9)

A
  • Considered an Islamic martyr
  • A perfect moral exemplar
  • Was born to a virgin
  • Spoke to people as a baby from a cradle
  • Healed the blind and the leper
  • Brought the dead to life
  • Breathed life into a clay bird
  • Brought the gospels/injil
  • The Jewish authorities wanted to kill him. They thought they had killed him but according to the Qur’an they had not
30
Q

who was muhammad?

A

the seal of prophets

31
Q

what qualities did muhammad show?

A
  • He learnt diplomacy, trading and warfare from his business dealings with his Uncle
  • Showed resilience when persecuted in Mecca
  • Brave as he had to preach monotheism when it was unpopular
  • He was selfless
32
Q

what happened on the night of power?

A
  • As Muhammad became increasingly dissatisfied, he spent much time meditating in the cave Hira on mount Nur. He would pray and contemplate.
    • In 610, Muhammad spent the whole of the Month of Ramadan there and this is when the Night of Power occurred (Lailat Al’ Qad’r).
    • The angel Jibril appeared to Muhammad and asked him to recite but Muhammad could not read. This was the first revelation of Allah to Muhammad found in Sura 96 in the Qur’an.
    • Terrified, Muhammad ran back to Khadijah, who reassured him and sent him to her cousin Waraqa who confirmed that he was the prophet, promised in the Bible to be sent to the Arabs.
33
Q

what did jibril say to muhammad when he said he was illiterate?

A

“Read in the name of thy Lord and Cherisher who created, created man out of a mere clot of blood.”

34
Q

why is Muhammad the seal of prophets?

A
  • As Muslims have received the full and final revelation of God, which has not be distorted (unlike the gospels and the torah) Muhammad is the last prophet.
35
Q

what quote suggests muhammad is the seal of prophets?

A

“Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Apostle of God and the Seal of the Prophets”.

36
Q

why are other revelations of god less reliable than the quran?

A
  • Other revelations of God-Torah and the gospels have been distorted and parts of the message forgotten as they were not written down immediately. They were also translated and lost original features. There are too many differences e.g. different languages. This means people can not read them and know what to do to serve God
37
Q

what quote suggests muhammad’s selflessness?

A

“O God! Forgive my people for they know not!”

38
Q

What did Brown say about Muhammad?

A

during his time in Medina, Muhammad demonstrated “consummate political skills” in changing his unpolitical group into a complete community which accepted all differences.

39
Q

what quote suggests muhammad’s humility?

A

“Do not give me superiority over Musa”

40
Q

what did rippin say of muhammad?

A

“Muhammad is the central figure in Islam…the perfect embodiment of what it means to be a Muslim”

41
Q

what are the implications of the belief that muhammad is the seal of prophets?

A

○ He is the final example of how to live life as a Muslim. They most learn from him and copy him e.g. Pray five times a day, not drink alcohol
○ Anyone claiming to be a prophet or have a new message after Muhammad cannot be a true Muslim
○ There can be no new beliefs, causing problems with modern society eg status of women
Muslims could start to worship Muhammad as he is the final example, which is wrong and the sin of shirk.

42
Q

What is the quran?

A
  • Foundation of Islamic law
    • Basis of Shariah law
    • Organised into chapters known as Suras
    • Given to Muhammad by Allah via Jibril
    • Always read in Arabic - translated copies are not the true Qur’an
    • Muslims worship by reciting Qur’anic passages
    • Muslims wash before using it, and store it in a wrap, and never hold it below the navel, all to show respect
      There is no chronological order, its 114 chapters, surahs, are arranged by length, the longest at the start of the book
43
Q

what does Esposito say on the quran?

A

“Many Muslims believe the ordering of the chapters and verses was itself divinely inspired.”

44
Q

what does Sherif say on the quran?

A

“The Qur’an is the very essence of Islam”

45
Q

what did Waines say on the Quran?

A

“Scripture lives orally in the Muslim’s daily routine to the present day. Parts are included in the daily prayers. It is recited at night in the mosques during the ritual fasting of Ramadan…”

46
Q

What in the Quran itself implies its importance

A

Sura 2v2 - “This is the Book, in it is guidance sure without doubt to those who fear God”

47
Q

What is tawhid?

A
  • The oneness of God
    • Tawhid means that god is oneness, is unity, is wholly indivisible, entirely unique and utterly indefinable. It is the basis for the articles of faith.
48
Q

What is shirk?

A

Shirk is to associate anything with God

49
Q

What does Aslan say on shirk?

A

“Polytheism is shirk, but so is obscuring God’s oneness in any way”

50
Q

What is Eid ul-Adha?

A

A festival remembering Ibrahims willingness to sacrifice Ishmael. They sacrifice an animal to remember this.

51
Q

What did sura 3:67 say on Ibrahim?

A

“Abraham was not a Jew nor yet a Christian, but he was true in faith and bowed his will to God’s which is Islam.”

52
Q

What quote show how well mannered Muhammad was?

A

“The Prophet (PBUH) did not swear at anyone, nor was he rude, nor did he curse anyone.”

53
Q

What quote shows how peaceful Muhammad was?

A

“Let us go to resolve the situation and make peace between them”

54
Q

What quote shows Muhammad’s generosity?

A

“The prophet (PBUH) did not refuse to give anything which he had to someone if he asked for it.”

55
Q

What Miracle was Ibrahim involved in?

A

He was put into a fire by his people for destroying their idols but the fire did not burn him - {They said, “Burn him and support your gods - if you are to act. “Allah Said, “O fire, be coolness and safety upon Abraham.” And they intended for him harm, but We Made them the greatest losers.} [Quran 21:68-70]

56
Q

what quote shows how jibril appeared to muhammad?

A

“jibril used to meet muhammad every night of ramadan to teach him the quran’ 1:1:4

RPE (32 decks)

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