Property Dualism (Jackson)

Question 1

What is the Goal of Frank Jackson?

Answer 1

Physicalism is false, any theory that depicts the world as entirely physical is false

Question 2

Does Jackson offer explicit proof or a deductive logical conclusion as to why physicalism is false?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

Who offers a intuition pump?

Answer 3

Frank Jackson

Question 4

Does Jackson admit that he could be wrong?

Answer 4

yes but very improbable he is

Question 5

What Argument does Frank Jackson Introduce?

Answer 5

The Knowledge Argument

Question 6

Briefly Describe the knowledge argument

Answer 6

-Mary raised in black and white room
-has access to everything there is to know about color red in the physical world
-learns all the physical facts about red
-then released into the world and sees red for the first time
DID MARY LEARN ANYTHING WHEN SHE SEEN THE COLOUR RED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Question 7

According to Jackson did Mary learn anything when she seen the color red for the first time?

Answer 7

yes, even if she knew absolutely everything about the color red she still would have learnt something therefore even if she had physically known everything about red, she was not able to capture the sensation (quaila) of seeing red

Question 8

Clarifying the Argument (missing)

Question 9

What are is Paul Churchland’s 1st objection

Answer 9

Paul rewords the knowledge argument in the following way

1) Mary knows everything there is to know about brain states and there properties (DESCRIPTION)
2) ~Mary knows everything that there is to know about sensations and their properties (ACQUAINTANCE)
3) Therefore, sensations and their properties are not equal to brain states and their properties

Question 10

What was Churchlands 1st objection about in lay terms

Answer 10

Jackson is actually using the term KNOWLEDGE in two different ways.

Knowledge by DESCRIPTION
Knowledge by ACQUAINTANCE

Question 11

What is Jackson Reply to Churchland’s 1st Objection?

Answer 11

That was Churchland 1st criticism is misleading. Jackson argument has nothing to do with types of knowledge, the fact is she does not know everything before release. Still does not have complete knowledge.

The knowledge argument can be clarified further by:
1) Mary before her release knows everything physical there is to know about other people
2) Mary before her release does not know everything there is to know about other people
3) Therefore there are truths about other people (and herself) which escape the physicalist theory

Question 12

What was Churchland’s 2nd Objection

Answer 12

The knowledge argument is too strong and therefore apply it to dualism and about the dualist teaching the laws of quail. Upon her release she still would’ve learnt something

Question 13

What was Jackson’s response to Churchland’s 2nd objection

Answer 13

Churchland is mistaken, the dualist admits they can’t tell her everything and shouldn’t expect dualists should. Jackson is confused then what the dualist argues

Question 14

What was Jackson’s response to help Churchland’s 2nd objection

Answer 14

they would have to change the first premise:
1) Mary before her release knows everything of the dualist sort about other people

However, this isn’t plausible because the dualist would deny that you can capture all the physical stuff by lecture and rather they dont think you can describe everything physically

Question 15

What is Churchland’s 3rd objection?

Answer 15

That there is a chance that Mary with all her physical information could figure out what it is like to see the color red

Question 16

What was Jackson’s response to help Churchland’s 3rd objection

Answer 16

What Mary can or cannot imagine is irrelevant. Imagination has nothing to do but rather than what she knows
Lets grant her the imagination of red (she’s still going to learn something when she gets release)

Question 17

fill in the blanks for a quote from Jackson regarding his objection to Churchland’s 3rd criticism:

“If her knowledge is defective, despite being all there is to know according to ____, whatever her powers of imagination.” -Jackson

Answer 17

physicalism then physicalism is false

Question 18

What does Jackson determine there to be left?

Answer 18

~physicalism

Question 19

Fill in the quote by Jackson:
“Nothing you could tell of the ______captures the smell of a rose, for instance. Therefore, _______.” (Jackson Epiphenomenal Qualia 127)

Answer 19

1) physical sort
2)physicalism is false

Question 20

Does the knowledge prove Descartes Dualism correct?

Answer 20

no he’s still sort of right and wrong

Question 21

what are properties properties of?

Answer 21

some thing

Question 22

what is weight, height, shape?

Answer 22

These are properties of our bodies

Question 23

and what category of properties are weight, height, shape?

Answer 23

physical properties

Question 24

What problem does the Knowledge argument generate?

Answer 24

how do we categorize everything

Question 25

Who does Jackson agree and disagree with?

Answer 25

Jackson agrees with Ryle and disagree with smart and Descartes

Question 26

Why does Jackson not agree with Descartes?

Answer 26

That the mind is a thing, but rather mental states are properties of the brain

Question 27

What does Jackson think physicalist got wrong?

Answer 27

that there is no dualism

Question 28

What theory does Jackson adhere too?

Answer 28

Property Dualism

Question 29

Fill in this quote: Property Dualism is the theory of mind that maintains ______________

Answer 29

that while mental phenomena are caused by physical phenomena, mental properties are ontologically irreducible and not physical

Question 30

what does ontologically irreducible mean?

Answer 30

something that explains itself and can't be reduced into something else

Question 31

What is the distinction between property dualist and substance dualist?

Answer 31

Substance dualist: two kinds of substance (mind/non-physical and body/ physical) Property Dualist: two kinds of properties and one substance (just body (substance) but brains have two kinds of properties physical and non physical mental states0

Question 32

according to property dualism are mental state caused by brain states

Answer 32

yes but mental is not physical

Question 33

according to the property dualist what is the relationship between mind and body?

Answer 33

mental states emerge from physical states

Question 34

what are emergent properties?

Answer 34

the idea that sometimes physical stuff is arranged that properties emerge from them if they were arranged differently.

Question 35

what can be example used for emergent properties?

Answer 35

liquidty can easily be liquid from the underlining of physical events and structure but if what underlined from others it could also be solid so too are mental states

Question 36

According to the property dualist what happens when you attempt to to reduce mental?

Answer 36

you leave something else

Question 37

what is the problem with property dualism

Answer 37

mental causation

Question 38

How does PD answer mental causation

Answer 38

Epiphenomenalism

Question 39

Epiphenominalism is ___________________________

Answer 39

Is a Form of Property Dualism 1) Mental phenomena immerges from physical states 2) The mental phenomena are causally ineffectatious (inert)

Question 40

What is lay terms for Epiphenomenalism

Answer 40

mental states dont have an impact on the physical world Hunger does not cause someone to eat lunch (thirst never cause you to get a glass of water Pain does not cause someone to pull away (pain doesn’t do anything

Question 41

Finish this quote by Jackson: “No matter how often B follows A, and no matter how initially obvious the causality of the connections seems, the hypothesis that A causes B can be overturned by an over-arching theory which shows the two as distinct effects of a common underlying causal process… The epiphenomenalist can say exactly the same about the connection between, for example ________ __________. It is simply a consequence of the fact that certain happenings in the brains cause both.” (Jackson Epiphenomenal Qualia 133)

Answer 41

hurtfulness and behaviour

Question 42

What is the one criticism offered for the knowledge argument that wasn't proposed by Churchland?

Answer 42

The objection: But it actually isnt knowledge that she gains, she doesn’t gain knowledge, but Jackson is right she does gain something. Instead she learns an ability, she knows now how to imagine red, how it is represented to her etc.. but strictly speaking that is not knowledge but rather an ability and skill. There is a difference between propositional knowledge and

Question 43

What was Jacksons reply to the FURTHER CRITICISM?

Answer 43

Says well the critique is correct and what makes the critique rather appealing she does in fact pick up a an ability BUT also gains knowledge Keep everything the same but now imagine before she is released she takes a philosophy course that is specific in the area of skepticsm, that is arguments for why we cant know anything, and she is given classical arguments about why we dont really have knowledge, now release her just after that lecture. Walks out see red and think about a very plausible scenario she’s going to think she learnt something but now will hesitate whether she actually knows anything. Then decides slept is wrong and she really does know things but when she hesitates about the knowledge WHAT IS SHE WORRIED ABOUT is she worried about her abilities or her KNOWLEDGE and whether she gained knowledge and not her capacity to do something. She is worried about knowledge.

Question 44

Does Jackson still maintain that physicalism is false?

Answer 44

no at the beginning he did but now he states that it is high plausible to be false

Question 45

Do we need proofs to establish conclusions

Answer 45

no

Question 46

What is the first Criticism toward Epiphenomenalism?

Answer 46

Nomological Danglers are present

Question 47

Finish this quote: “They do nothing, they explain nothing, they serve merely to soothe the intuitions of ___…”

Answer 47

dualists

Question 48

“They do nothing, they explain nothing, they serve merely to soothe the intuitions of dualists…” Who said this quote?

Answer 48

Jackson

Question 49

What is the second criticism towards Epiphenomenalism?

Answer 49

Intentional Agency Epiphenomenalism denies any causal role and therefore must deny our role to have intentional agency

Question 50

What is third criticism towards Epiphenomenalism?

Answer 50

According to Epiph. quailia are inert and dont have causal powers but thinking is a series of mental states over time, that string together things Epiph. would have to deny what we already seem to know through T1 cannot cause a thought at another T2