Properties of substances Flashcards
What is ionisation energy?
Energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas state
What is the trend in ionisation energy?
Increases across a period left to right
Decreases down a group
How does the atomic radius affect the ionisation energy?
Larger radius
Lower ionisation energy
How does the Nuclear charge affect the ionisation energy?
Higher charge
Higher ionisation energy
How does the Shielding effect, affect the ionisation energy?
More sheilding
Lower ionisation energy
What happens to the ionisation across a period?
Ionisation energy increases as atoms are smaller and hold electrons tightly
What happens to the ionisation down a group?
Ionisation energy decreases as atoms are larger with more electron shielding
What happens to the atomic radius in the periodic table?
Decreases across a period
Increases down a group
What happens to the electronegativity in the periodic table?
Increases across a period
Decreases down a group
What happens to the melting and boiling points in the periodic table?
Increase from group 1 to group 4
Decrease from group 5 and stay relatively low to group 8
What is Polarity?
Distribution of electrical charge over atoms in a molecule
Describe metals
Conductive
Malleable
Lose electrons
Describe non-metals
Poor conductors
Brittle
Gain electrons
Describe Alkali metals
Group 1
Very reactive
Soft metals
Low melting point
Increases down the group
Describe Alkaline earth metals
Group 2
Reactive
Harder than alkali metals
Increases down the group
Found in Compounds like calcium
What is the reactivity of alkaline earth metals?
Increases as you move down the group du8e to decrease ionisation energy
What is a redox reaction?
A reaction involving the transfer of electrons
What is an oxidation reaction?
Loss of electrons
What is a reduction reaction?
Gaining of electrons
Where are transition metals found?
In the d-block of the period table
What are the properties of a transition metal?
Form coloured compounds
Variable oxidation states
Good conductors
What are transition metals used for?
Catalysts
Structural materials
Coins
What are the characteristics of redox reactions of transition metals?
Transition metals often act as catalysts in redox reactions
What is the variable oxidation sate of redox reactions of transition metals?
Change to oxidation state to facilitate redox reactions
