Properties Of Elements

Question 1

What happens to the rate of tarnishing do as you go further down group 1

Answer 1

Tarnishes quicker as you go down

Question 2

What happens when lithium reacts with water

Answer 2

-> piece of lithium moved acrosss surface of water
->dissolves in water
->effervescence meaning a gas was released
-> clear solution

Question 3

How does sodium react with water and what happens

Answer 3

-> violent fizzing
-> effervescence

Question 4

What happens when potassium reacts with water

Answer 4

-> Purple / lilac / pink flame
-> hydrogen produced
-> solution turns alkaline

Question 5

Name kf products produced when lithium reacts with water

Answer 5

Lithium hydroxide and water

Question 6

Name of products produced when sodium reacts with water

Answer 6

Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen produced

Question 7

What is produced when potassium reacts with water

Answer 7

Potassium hydroxide and water produced

Question 8

What happens when caesium reacts with water

Answer 8

Explode

Question 9

Trend in reactivity in group 1

Answer 9

Reactivity increases as you go down group 1

Question 10

Why is francium not used in experiments

Answer 10

Found in such low amounts that you most likely do not have enough to observe a reaction

It’s reaction is so hot that it would instantly vaporise

Question 11

Why does the elements get more reactive as you go down group 1

Answer 11

-> all elements in group 1 have 1 extra electron in outer shell
-> the element is able to loose its outer shell electron more easily further down the group than higher up,
-> as the electrostatic forces between the nucleus and outer electron are much weaker
-> due to the increased distance between the nucleus and the outer shell electron
-> due to the high number of shells between them

Question 12

How to write formula of halogens

Answer 12

They are all diatomic

Question 13

Electrical conductivity of halogens

Answer 13

Poor

Question 14

Trend in melting / boiling point of halogens

Answer 14

Increases as you go down the group

Question 15

What states are the halogens at room temp

Answer 15

-> fluorine and chlorine are gases
-> bromine is liquid
-> iodine is solid

Question 16

Fluorine appearance at room temp

Answer 16

Yellow gas

Question 17

Chlorine Colour at room temp

Answer 17

Pale yellow-green

Question 18

Iodine colour at room temp

Answer 18

Grey solid but when burnt forms purple vapour

Question 19

Bromine colour at room temp

Answer 19

Red-brown liquid

Question 20

Trend in reactivity of group 7 (halogens)

Answer 20

Less reactive as you go down the group

Question 21

What Happens to the trend in reactivity of the halogens and they go down the group and why

Answer 21

-> reactivity decreases as you go down the group
-> all halogens have 7 electrons in outer shell meaning they have to gain an extra electron
-> as you go down the group, the period number increases meaning that there are more shells
-> this means that the distance between the outer shell and the nucleus increases
-> this means that the electrostatic forces between the nucleus and the outer shell are much weaker
-> this means that the final electron attracts less strongly as you go down the group, meaning they get less reactive

Question 22

What are halogen displacement reactions

Answer 22

When halogens push out / displace other LESS REACTIVE halogens from their halogen compounds

Cl2 + 2NaBr —> Br2 + 2NaCl

The chlorine displaced the bromine as it was more reactive than the bromine

Question 23

How to know when a halogen displacement reaction occurs

Answer 23

When there is a colour change and the the colour changes from light to dark

Question 24

Wheat are properties kf transition metals compared to group 1 metals

Answer 24

-> they are generally stronger
-> generally denser
-> generally have higher boiling and melting points
-> less reactive

Question 25

What are some chemical properties of transition metals

Answer 25

-> fairly unreactive —> this is why metals such as gold, platinum and silver are worth so much -> produce colour ful compounds -> can make good catalysts

Question 26

What is the trend in boiling point as you go down group 0

Answer 26

Increases in boiling point Due to intermolecular forces becoming stronger meaning more energy is needed to break them

Question 27

Rubidium is another element in Group 1. Rubidium reacts much faster than sodium does. Explain why. Use ideas about electrons in your answer.

Answer 27

-> outer electrons in rubidium is further from the nucleus -> less attraction between rubidium’s nucleus and electron in outer shell -> outer electron in rubidium lost more easily meaning it’s more reactive