Atomci Structure

Question 1

Isotope definition

Answer 1

Isotopes are atoms of an element with The same number of protons and electrons, but different numbers of neutrons

Question 2

Ion definition

Answer 2

Ions Are atoms that have lost or gained electrons

Question 3

Atomic number

Answer 3

Number of protons / electrons in an atom

Question 4

Atomic mass

Answer 4

Total number of protons plus total number of neutrons

Question 5

You can find number of neutrons by

Answer 5

Subtracting atomic number from mass number

Question 6

Bond length

Answer 6

The distance from the centre of one atom to the centre of another atom

Question 7

Subatomic particles

Answer 7

Protons - positive
Electrons - negative
Electrons - neutral

Question 8

Proton characteristics

Answer 8

They have a positive charge of +1, and have a mass of 1

Question 9

Neutrons characteristic

Answer 9

Have a neutral charge and a mass of 1

Question 10

Electrons characteristics

Answer 10

Have a charge of -1, and a mass of 0.005

Question 11

6 MARKER

27|Al|13

What do the numbers 13 and 27 mean

Explain what the number tell you about the structure of an aluminium atom

• marks achieved : 6/6

Answer 11

Aluminium atoms contain 13 protons, 14 neutrons and 13 electrons. we can see this by looking at the atomic mass which is 27 and the atomic number which is 13. We know that the atomic number represents the total amount of protons/electrons in an atom. We also know that the number of protons and electrons are equal. Therefore there are 13 protons and 13 electrons in an aluminium atom. To find the total number of neutrons, we have to subtract the total atomic number (13) from the atomic mass (27), where we get 14. This means that there are 14 neutrons in an aluminium atom. Hence there are 13 protons and electrons and 14 neutrons in an aluminium atom.

Question 12

Typical size of an atom

Answer 12

10^-10

Question 13

What is the structure of an atom

Answer 13

Atoms consist of an extremely small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons which orbit the nucleus in electron shells

Question 14

Atoms have no overall change. Explain why.

Use ideas of subatomic particles in your answer

Answer 14

There are equal numbers of protons and electrons meaning the overall charge is neutral

Question 15

Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
Diamond does not conduct electricity.
Use ideas about structure and bonding in diamond and graphite to explain these observations.

Answer 15

-> in diamond, atoms are held together by strong covalent bonds meaning there are no free electrons to carry electrical charge
-> graphite has a layered structure held together by weak intermolecular forces whjch are held together by weak intermolecular forces allowing the layers to slide over each other
-> the delocalised electrons are able to pass through the layers and carry electrical charge

Question 16

Why can graphite form so many allotropes

Answer 16

Because it can bond to itself

Question 17

Particle A is a metal atom, explain why

Answer 17

Because it has extra electrons in its outer shell

Question 18

Rutherford was a scientist who helped to develop the atomic model.
State how Rutherford’s work contributed to the development of the atomic model.

Answer 18

Idea of nuclear atom

Question 19

Rutherford was a scientist who contributed to the development of the theory of atomic
structure.

He worked with two other scientists called Geiger and Marsden.

Write about Geiger and Marsden’s experiment and how it contributed to the development of
ideas about atomic structure

(2 marks)

Answer 19

-> fired alpha particles at thin piece of gold foil.
-> some of the alpha particles bounce back
-> proved that there was a small, positive, dense mass in the atom
-> idea of nucleus