Bonding

Question 1

Ionic bonding properties

Answer 1

• takes place between non metal and metal
• atoms are held in place by very strong ionic (electrostatic bonds)
• they require a lot of energy to break
• they have a high boiling and melting point

Question 2

Ionic bonding definition

Answer 2

It is the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non metal and has a strong electrostatic force of attraction between the atoms

Question 3

What is a simple covalent molecule

Answer 3

It is two non-metal particles joined by covalent bonding

Question 4

What does simple covalent bonding occur between?

Answer 4

Nonmetals which gain electrons in their outer shell meaning that the electrons are shared between them

Question 5

What type of bonds do simple covalent structures have?

Answer 5

• intermolecular forces between the molecules
  And covalent bonds between the molecules

Question 6

Which bonds are strong

Answer 6

The covalent bonds between the atoms are strong but the intermolecular bonds between the molecules are weak, leading simple covalent structures to have a low boiling and melting point and less energy being required to break them.

Question 7

Why are ionic compounds so strong

Answer 7

Ions in ionic compounds are held together by very strong ionic bonds, which leads to them being very tough to boil/melt, and requiring high energy to break

Question 8

Where are the covalent bonds in a simple covalent molecule

Answer 8

Strong covalent bonds between the element that make up a molecule, but weak intermolecular bonds between the molecules that’s make up the structure. Eg, there are strong covalent bonds between the hydrogens and water molecule in water, but a weak intermolecular bond between the h2o molecules themselves

Question 9

What is the difference between simple covalent and giant covalent bonds

Answer 9

Simple covalent - 1) there are covalent bonds between the particles that make up a molecule, eg there are covalent bonds between the oxygen and hydrogen molecules in h2o. These h2o molecules are joined together using intermolecular forces, which are much weaker than covalent bonds, meaning that they break part easier during a change of state

Giant covalent - 2) in giant covalent, there are covalent bonds between both the particles and the molecules, eg, there are bond between the silicon and oxygen molecules in silicone dioxide, and between each individual molecule of silicone dioxide. This makes a structure known as as a lattice, which is used to describe the shape of a diamond

Question 10

Properties of giant covalent bonds

Answer 10

Giant covalent bonds are much stronger than regular simple bonds, meaning that they are much stronger, and require a higher amount of energy to break down

Question 11

What are electrostatic bonds

Answer 11

They are covalent bonds

Question 12

What are polymers

Answer 12

The numbers are a repeating sequence of units (called monomers), that are bonded together to form a large structure

Question 13

What factors affect the properties of the polymers

Answer 13

The monomer unit - the type of monomer used can influence the polymer is created
Intramolecular forces - there are normally covalent bonds between the molecules causing them to be much stronger and have a higher melting point than most other structures, covalent bonds are intramolecular

Question 14

What are thermosoftening polymers?

Answer 14

They are plastics which will soften when heated and can be reshaped.

Question 15

What are thermosetting polymers

Answer 15

Thermosetting plastics are plastics do not soften on heating. They are used when heat resistance is important

Question 16

What is the difference between thermosoftening and thermosetting polymers

Answer 16

Thermosoftening polymers have weak intermolecular forces between polymer chains and no crosslinks between these chains which means they soften when heated. However, thermosetting polymers there are strong covalent bonds between each polymer chain meaning that they remain intact when heated

Question 17

What is metallic bonding

Answer 17

Metallic bonding is the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the sea of delocalised electrons and positively charged metal metal ions

Question 18

What is a delocalised electron?

Answer 18

Delocalised electrons are electrons that are free to move and are separated from their shell

Question 19

When does metallic bonding take place?

Answer 19

It takes place with only one type of metal

Question 20

When does metallic bonding take place?

Answer 20

It takes place with only one type of metal

Question 21

Explain the process of metallic bonding

Answer 21

During metallic bonding, the metal loses its outer electrons, but unlike other types of bonding, there is no other substance there to gain the lost electron meaning that the lost electron sits outside the atom. However there is a force of attraction between the lost electron (which is negatively charged) and the newly created ion (which now has a positive charge).

Question 22

Explain the process of metallic bonding

Answer 22

During metallic bonding, the metal loses its outer electrons, but unlike other types of bonding, there is no other substance there to gain the lost electron meaning that the lost electron sits outside the atom. However there is a force of attraction between the lost electron (which is negatively charged) and the newly created ion (which now has a positive charge).