Properties of Cement Flashcards
1
Q
These properties influence cements performance in concrete mixtures
A
Physical properties of cement
2
Q
ASTM C204
A
Blaine Air Permeability Test
3
Q
Blaine air permeability test
A
ASTM C204
4
Q
Finer cement hydrates ________, increasing ___________
A
Faster, early strength and workability
5
Q
Excessive fineness can lead to ________
A
High heat generation and shrinkage cracks
6
Q
Typical Blaine fineness
A
300–500 m²/KG
7
Q
ASTM C188
A
Test method for specific gravity of hydraulic cement
8
Q
Test method for specific gravity of hydraulic cement
A
ASTM C188
9
Q
Specific gravity of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)
A
3.10–3.15
10
Q
Specific gravity of Pozzolan cement
A
2.40–3.00 (due to lighter pozzolanic materials)
11
Q
ASTM C187
A
Normal consistency test
12
Q
Normal consistency test
A
ASTM C187
13
Q
Determines the water requirement for cement paste to form a workable mix
A
Standard consistency
14
Q
Normal consistency of cement
A
25–35% water by weight of cement
15
Q
ASTM C191
A
Vicat needle test for setting time
16
Q
Vicat needle test for setting time
A
ASTM C191
17
Q
Initial setting time of cement
A
45–90 minutes (cement starts hardening)
18
Q
Final setting time of cement
A
300 –600 minutes (cement completely hardens)
19
Q
Pozzolan cement has _________ due to slower hydration
A
Longer setting times
20
Q
Pozzolan cement has longer setting times due to ________
A
Slower hydration
21
Q
Volume stability is also known as
A
Soundness
22
Q
ASTM C151
A
Autoclave expansion test
23
Q
Autoclave expansion test
A
ASTM C151
24
Q
Measures the expansion of cement based due to excess lime or magnesia
A
Soundness (volume stability)
25
Expansion limit of cement
Less than or equal to 0.8%(ensures no delayed cracking)
26
ASTM C1702
Heat of hydration test
27
Heat of hydration test
ASTM C1702
28
High heat causes ______, especially in mass concrete structures
Thermal cracks
29
____ cement are used for dams and large foundations
Low-heat cements
30
What are low– heat cement used for?
Dams and large foundations
31
Example of low heat cement
Type 4
32
These properties affect cements strength development, durability, and reaction with water
Chemical properties of cement
33
What are the four major chemical compounds?
A. Tricalcium silicate
B. Dicalcium silicate
C. Tricalcium illuminate
D. Tetracalcium aluminoferrite
34
What is the effect of tricalcium silicate on cement?
Provides early strength
35
What is the effect of dicalcium silicate on cement?
Contributes to later strength
36
What is the effect of tricalcium Alluminate on cement?
Increases early heat and sulfate attack risk
37
What is the effect of tetracalcium aluminoferrite on cement?
Affects color and strength
38
What are the key compounds for hydration and strength gain?
C3S and C2S
39
_____ reacts rapidly with water producing high heat (can cause cracking)
C3A
40
Contributes to workability and durability
C4AF
41
LOI means
Loss on ignition
42
ASTM C114
Chemical analysis of hydraulic cement
43
Chemical analysis of hydraulic cement
ASTM C114
44
Measures the evaporation of volatile compounds (e.g. CO2 Measure)
Loss on ignition (LOI)
45
High LOI (greater than 3%) indicates _____
Poor cement quality
46
_______ indicate poor cement quality
High LOI (greater than 3%)
47
ASTM C1012
Sulfate resistance test
48
Sulfate resistance test
ASTM C1012
49
High C3A (greater than 5%) increases _______ in concrete exposed to seawater or soil sulfate
Sulfate attack risk
50
_____ is used in sulfate rich environments
Type V cement
51
Type V cement is used in _____
Sulfate rich environments
52
These properties define the strength and ability of hardened cement paste
Mechanical properties of cement
53
ASTM C109
Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars
54
Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars
ASTM C109
55
Compressive strength of cement is tested at _______ days
3, 7, and 28
56
Third – day strength of OPC
12–20 MPA
57
Seventh – day strength of OPC
20–30 MPA
58
28th – day strength of OPC
35–50 MPA
59
_______ has lower early strength but higher long-term strength
Pozzolan cement
60
ASTM C307
Tensile strength of hydraulic cement mortars
61
Tensile strength of hydraulic cement mortars
ASTM C307
62
Cement has _________ (approximately 10% of compressive strength)
Low tensile strength
63
_______ (steel, fibers) is used to improve tensile performance
Reinforcement
64
ASTM C293
Flexural strength test
65
Flexural strength test
ASTM C293
66
Determines resistance to bending forces
Flexural strength
67
Typical flexural strength of cement
3–7 MPA
68
Ensure cement resists weathering, chemical attacks, and wear
Durability properties of cement
69
ASTM C1202
Rapid chloride permeability test
70
Rapid chloride permeability test
ASTM C1202
71
________ prevents water ingress and reinforcement corrosion
Low permeability
72
_______ improves permeability due to finer particles
Pozzolan cement
73
Pozzolan cement improves permeability due to ______
Finer particles
74
ASTM C1260
ASR test
75
ASR test
ASTM C1260
76
_______ in cement reacts with silica in aggregates, causing expansion and cracks
Alkali
77
Solution to expansion and cracks in cement
Use low-alkali cement (< 0.6% Na2O equivalent)
78
ASTM C666
Freeze – Thaw durability test
79
Freeze – Thaw durability test
ASTM C666
80
Cement should form ________ to resist freeze-thaw damage
Dense concrete
81
________ prevents cracking in cold climates
Air-entrained cement
82
ASTM C457
Depth of carbonation test
83
Depth of carbonation test
ASTM C457
84
_____ reacts with cement based reducing pH and corroding steel reinforcement
CO2 (carbon dioxide)
85
Dense concrete with _______ slows carbonation
Low permeability
86
Property:
?
Test Method (ASTM):
C204
Effect on Performance:
Affects workability and strength
Fineness
87
Property:
Fineness
Test Method (ASTM):
?
Effect on Performance:
Affects workability and strength
C204
88
Property:
Fineness
Test Method (ASTM):
C204
Effect on Performance:
?
Affects workability and strength
89
Property:
?
Test Method (ASTM):
C188
Effect on Performance:
Affects mix proportions
Specific gravity
90
Property:
Specific gravity
Test Method (ASTM):
?
Effect on Performance:
Affects mix proportions
C188
91
Property:
Specific gravity
Test Method (ASTM):
C188
Effect on Performance:
?
Affects mix proportions
92
Property:
?
Test Method (ASTM):
C191
Effect on Performance:
Controls workability and early strength
Setting time
93
Property:
Setting time
Test Method (ASTM):
?
Effect on Performance:
Controls workability and early strength
C191
94
Property:
Setting time
Test Method (ASTM):
C191
Effect on Performance:
?
Controls workability and early strength
95
Property:
?
Test Method (ASTM):
C151
Effect on Performance:
Prevents volume expansion
Soundness
96
Property:
Soundness
Test Method (ASTM):
?
Effect on Performance:
Prevents volume expansion
C151
97
Property:
Soundness
Test Method (ASTM):
C151
Effect on Performance:
?
Prevents volume expansion
98
Property:
?
Test Method (ASTM):
C109
Effect on Performance:
Determines loadbearing capacity
Compressive strength
99
Property:
compressive strength
Test Method (ASTM):
?
Effect on Performance:
Determines loadbearing capacity
C109
100
Property:
compressive strength
Test Method (ASTM):
C109
Effect on Performance:
?
Determines loadbearing capacity
101
Property:
?
Test Method (ASTM):
C1012
Effect on Performance:
Prevents sulfate attacks
Sulfate resistance
102
Property:
Sulfate resistance
Test Method (ASTM):
?
Effect on Performance:
Prevents sulfate attacks
C1012
103
Property:
Sulfate resistance
Test Method (ASTM):
C1012
Effect on Performance:
?
Prevent sulfate attack
104
Property:
?
Test Method (ASTM):
C1702
Effect on Performance:
Affects temperature rise in concrete
Heat of hydration
105
Property:
Heat of Hydration
Test Method (ASTM):
?
Effect on Performance:
Affects temperature rise in concrete
C1702
106
Property:
Heat of Hydration
Test Method (ASTM):
C1702
Effect on Performance:
?
Affects temperature rise in concrete
107
Property:
?
Test Method (ASTM):
C1202
Effect on Performance:
Affects durability and corrosion resistance
Permeability
108
Property:
Permeability
Test Method (ASTM):
?
Effect on Performance:
Affects durability and corrosion resistance
C1202
109
Property:
Permeability
Test Method (ASTM):
C1202
Effect on Performance:
?
Affects durability and corrosion resistance
110
Property:
?
Test Method (ASTM):
C666
Effect on Performance:
Prevents cracking in cold climates
Freeze-Thaw Resistance
111
Property:
Freeze-Thaw Resistance
Test Method (ASTM):
?
Effect on Performance:
Prevents cracking in cold climates
C666
112
Property:
Freeze-Thaw Resistance
Test Method (ASTM):
C666
Effect on Performance:
?
Prevents cracking in cold climates
