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Materials Flashcards

1
Q

What is the density range of concrete?

A

2,300-2,400 kg/m

This affects the material’s weight and thermal properties.

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2
Q

What is the typical color of concrete?

A

Gray

Color can vary based on the mix and additives.

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3
Q

How does concrete’s thermal conductivity compare to metals and wood?

A

Moderate thermal conductor

It doesn’t retain heat as well as metals but is better than wood.

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4
Q

What is the typical compressive strength range for standard concrete mixes?

A

20-40 MPa

This is the key strength property used in most applications.

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5
Q

What is the tensile strength range of concrete?

A

10-15 MPa

Concrete is weak in tension, hence the use of reinforcing steel bars.

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6
Q

What is the modulus of elasticity range for concrete?

A

20-30 GPa

This reflects how much the material will deform under stress.

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7
Q

What does workability refer to in concrete?

A

Ease of mixing, placing, and finishing

It varies depending on the water-to-cement ratio.

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8
Q

What is alkali-silica reactivity (ASR)?

A

A chemical reaction causing cracking

It occurs between alkaline cement and reactive silica in aggregates.

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9
Q

What is sulfate attack in concrete?

A

Cracking due to sulfates in soil

Sulfates can expand and crack the concrete.

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10
Q

What is hydration in the context of concrete?

A

Chemical reaction with water that hardens the material

This process occurs over time.

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11
Q

What is the density range of steel?

A

7,800-8,050 kg/m

Steel is relatively dense, contributing to its strength and weight.

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12
Q

What is the typical color of steel?

A

Metallic gray

Steel can rust to a reddish-brown color when oxidized.

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13
Q

What is the thermal conductivity range of steel?

A

50-60 W/m-K

Steel conducts heat efficiently.

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14
Q

What is the melting point of steel?

A

About 1,370°C (2,500°F)

This indicates its ability to withstand high temperatures.

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15
Q

What is yield strength in steel?

A

Point of plastic deformation around 250 MPa

This is typical for mild steel.

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16
Q

What is the tensile strength range for structural steel?

A

400-550 MPa

This indicates the maximum stress steel can withstand while being stretched.

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17
Q

What is the modulus of elasticity for steel?

A

200 GPa

This reflects steel’s stiffness or resistance to elastic deformation.

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18
Q

What does ductility mean in the context of steel?

A

Ability to undergo significant deformation before failure

This property is crucial for structures requiring flexibility.

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19
Q

What is a common issue steel faces when exposed to moisture and oxygen?

A

Rusting (oxidation)

Proper protection methods include galvanization or paint.

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20
Q

How does steel react with hydrochloric acid?

A

Forms iron salts

Acid cleaning or treatment is common in steel processing.

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21
Q

Is steel resistant to alkalis?

A

Generally resistant

Prolonged exposure to high concentrations can cause corrosion.

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22
Q

What is the typical density range of glass?

A

2,400-2,800 kg/m

Glass density can vary based on composition and treatment.

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23
Q

What is a key thermal property of glass?

A

High thermal conductivity

This means glass transfers heat well but does not insulate effectively.

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24
Q

What is the melting point of glass?

A

About 660°C

This is the temperature at which glass transforms from solid to liquid.

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25
How does glass behave under compressive strength?
Very high compressive strength ## Footnote Glass is strong under compression but weak under tension.
26
What is the tensile strength range of glass?
Low to moderate (~40-120 MPa) ## Footnote This contributes to its brittleness.
27
What is the modulus of elasticity for glass?
Around 70-80 GPa ## Footnote This indicates the stiffness of glass.
28
True or False: Glass is ductile.
False ## Footnote Glass is brittle and can break or shatter.
29
What is a chemical property of glass regarding corrosion?
Highly resistant to most chemicals ## Footnote This includes acids and bases.
30
What happens to some types of glass under UV exposure?
Can degrade, leading to yellowing or structural weakening ## Footnote UV degradation affects the longevity of glass.
31
What is the typical density of aluminum?
About 2,700 kg/m ## Footnote This makes aluminum relatively lightweight.
32
What color is aluminum typically?
Metallic silver ## Footnote This characteristic is due to its natural appearance.
33
What is the thermal conductivity of aluminum?
High (around 150 W/m-K) ## Footnote This makes aluminum a good conductor of heat.
34
What is the melting point of aluminum?
~660°C ## Footnote Similar to glass, aluminum has a relatively low melting point.
35
What is the yield strength range of aluminum?
40 to 300 MPa depending on the alloy ## Footnote This strength varies significantly with different aluminum alloys.
36
What is the tensile strength range for aluminum?
150 MPa to 500 MPa ## Footnote This indicates the strength of aluminum under tension.
37
What is the modulus of elasticity for aluminum?
70 GPa ## Footnote This reflects the material’s elasticity.
38
What is a notable mechanical property of aluminum?
Highly ductile ## Footnote Aluminum can be drawn into wires or sheets.
39
How does aluminum react chemically in terms of corrosion?
Naturally forms a protective oxide layer ## Footnote This layer helps prevent corrosion.
40
What is the typical density range for stone, such as granite and limestone?
2,300-2,800 kg/m depending on the type ## Footnote Density varies significantly across different stone types.
41
What color can granite exhibit?
Gray, pink, or black ## Footnote Color variations depend on mineral composition.
42
What is the porosity characteristic of granite compared to limestone?
Granite is low in porosity; limestone can be porous ## Footnote This affects their usage in construction.
43
What is the typical compressive strength of granite?
100-250 MPa ## Footnote This makes granite a strong material for construction.
44
45
What is the density range for oak wood?
700-900 kg/m ## Footnote Density can vary significantly by species.
46
What is the density of balsa wood?
Around 160 kg/m ## Footnote Balsa is one of the lightest woods.
47
How does moisture content affect wood?
Affects strength and dimensional stability; wood can shrink or swell as moisture content changes ## Footnote Important for structural applications.
48
What is the thermal conductivity of wood?
Low ## Footnote Makes wood a good insulator against heat transfer.
49
What color variations exist in wood species?
Varies greatly; e.g., oak is light to medium brown, mahogany is reddish-brown ## Footnote Color can influence aesthetic choices.
50
What is the compressive strength of oak wood?
Around 50 MPa ## Footnote Compressive strength varies by species.
51
What is the typical tensile strength of hardwoods?
Around 100 MPa ## Footnote Wood is stronger in tension along the grain.
52
What is the modulus of elasticity for wood?
Typically 10-12 GPa ## Footnote Indicates how much wood will bend under stress.
53
What is flexural strength in wood?
Strength in bending ## Footnote Important for structural applications like beams.
54
What is a major drawback of wood regarding decay?
Susceptible to fungal decay, termites, and insect damage ## Footnote Treatment can mitigate these issues.
55
How does wood behave in high humidity?
Can absorb moisture, leading to swelling, shrinking, and potential rotting ## Footnote Proper sealing is essential.
56
What is wood's sensitivity to acidic environments?
Can degrade cellulose and lignin content ## Footnote Acid sensitivity can affect durability.
57
What is the density range for fired bricks?
Typically around 1,800-2,000 kg/m ## Footnote Density can influence strength.
58
What colors do bricks typically come in?
Often red, but can be brown, yellow, or other colors ## Footnote Color depends on the clay used.
59
What is the porosity of bricks?
Moderate to high ## Footnote Influences strength and thermal insulation properties.
60
What is the compressive strength range for standard fired bricks?
Generally around 10-25 MPa ## Footnote Varies with the type of brick.
61
What is the tensile strength of bricks?
Weak in tension ## Footnote Bricks are used in compression or as a veneer.
62
What is the modulus of elasticity for bricks?
Around 15 GPa ## Footnote Indicates the stiffness of the material.
63
What durability characteristics do bricks have?
Durable and resistant to fire ## Footnote May weaken with water absorption and freeze-thaw cycles.
64
What is the alkali resistance of bricks?
Good resistance to most chemicals ## Footnote Can degrade under prolonged exposure to acidic substances.
65
What can happen if bricks absorb water?
Can lead to efflorescence or frost damage if not properly sealed ## Footnote Water absorption is a critical property.

CMT (4 decks)

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