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Properties of Aggregates Flashcards

1
Q

These properties affect how aggregates interact with other materials in construction

A

Physical Properties of Aggregates

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2
Q

Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

A

ASTM C136

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3
Q

Well-graded aggregates improve?

A

workability, strength, and durability in concrete

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4
Q

Poorly graded or gap-graded aggregates can lead to?

A

voids and weaker concrete

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5
Q

Improve workability but reduce bond strength

A

Rounded aggregates

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6
Q

Example of rounded aggregates

A

River gravel

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7
Q

Provide better interlock and higher strength

A

Angular aggregates

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8
Q

Example of angular aggregates

A

Crushed stone

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9
Q

Increase bond with cement, but may reduce workability

A

Rough-textured aggregates

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10
Q

Standard test method for specific gravity and absorption of coarse aggregate

A

ASTM C127

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11
Q

Standard test method for specific gravity and absorption of fine aggregate

A

ASTM C128

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12
Q

Normal weight aggregates

A

2.4 - 2.9

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13
Q

Lightweight aggregates

A

< 2.0

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14
Q

Heavyweight aggregates

A

> 3.0

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15
Q

Test method for surface moisture in fine aggregate

A

ASTM C70

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16
Q

Test method for total moisture in aggregate

A

ASTM C566

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17
Q

Aggregate absorb water affecting the?

A

Water cement ratio

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18
Q

Water cement ratio in Oven-Dry (OD)

A

No moisture

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19
Q

Water cement ratio in air dry (AD)

A

Some moisture in pores

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20
Q

Water cemetery show in saturated surface dry (SSD)

A

Fully absorbed but no excess surface water

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21
Q

Water cement ratio in wet

A

Pores are full and excess moisture is present

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22
Q

Specifies FM for fine aggregate (ranges between 2.3 and 3.1)

A

ASTM C33

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23
Q

Determines the average particle size of sand

A

Fineness Modulus (FM)

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24
Q

Higher FM means

A

Coarser sand

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25
Lower FM means
Finer sand
26
These properties determine the strength and durability of aggregates in loadbearing applications
Mechanical properties
27
Los Angeles (LA) abrasion test (for coarse aggregate)
ASTM C131
28
Mattress resistance to wear and fragmentation
Mechanical properties
29
LA abrasion values of good quality aggregate
< 30% loss
30
LA abrasion values of poor quality aggregate
> 50% loss
31
Hardness is measured by
Mohs scale
32
Improves wear resistance
Hard aggregates
33
Example of hard aggregate
Quartz and granite
34
These are more prone to abrasion and crushing
Soft aggregates
35
Example of soft aggregate
Limestone
36
Determines the ability of aggregate to withstand crushing loads
Crushing strength
37
Resistance to degradation of large size coarse aggregate
ASTM C535
38
Higher crushing values indicate what?
Weaker aggregate
39
Measures the ability of aggregate to sudden impact forces
Impact resistance
40
Impact resistance of aggregates
ASTM D5874
41
Modulus of elasticity: What improves concrete load bearing capacity?
Stiffer aggregates
42
Example of stiffer aggregate
Basalt and granites
43
Modulus of elasticity What reduce strength but improve workability?
Softer aggregates
44
Example of softer aggregates
Limestone
45
These properties affect the durability and reactivity of aggregate in concrete
Chemical properties
46
ASR
Alkali – silica reactivity
47
Detect potential for ASR in aggregates
ASTM C1260 and C1293
48
Reactive silica in aggregates can cause what?
Expansion and cracking when exposed to alkali in cement
49
Solution to ASR
Use low alkali cement or pozzolan (fly ash, silica fume)
50
Measures resistance to sulfate attack from ground water or seawater
Sulfate resistance
51
Soundness, of aggregates using sodium or magnesium sulfate
ASTM C88
52
Poor sulfate resistance leads to what?
Expansion and deterioration
53
Aggregate should be ______ to prevent reactions with cement
Chemically inert
54
Limestone aggregates can ______ acidic water, improving durability
Neutralize
55
Organic impurities in fine aggregates
ASTM C40
56
Reduces concrete strength and delays setting
Organic matter
57
Examples of organic matter
Humus, silt, and clay
58
Coefficient of thermal expansion (COTE)
ASTM C531
59
Different expansion rates between cement and aggregate can cause?
Cracking
60
______ expands more than limestone or granite
Quartz aggregates
61
Quartz aggregate expand more than?
Limestone or granite
62
Resistance of concrete, rapid, freezing, and thawing
ASTM C666
63
________ absorb water which expands during freezing and causes cracks
Poor agates
64
Solution to porous aggregate
Use air-entrained concrete or dense, low absorption aggregates
65
______ weaken at high temperatures
Siliceous aggregates
66
Examples of siliceous aggregates
Quartz and granite
67
Performs better in fire resistance
Calcareous aggregates
68
Example of calcareous aggregates
Limestone
69
Property: ? Test Method (ASTM): C136 Impact on Concrete: Affects strength and workability
Particle size and gradation
70
Property: Particle size and gradation Test Method (ASTM): ? Impact on Concrete: Affects strength and workability
C136
71
Property: Particle size and gradation Test Method (ASTM): C136 Impact on Concrete: ?
Affects strength and workability
72
Property: ? Test Method (ASTM): Visual inspection Impact on Concrete: Affects bonding and strength
Shape and texture
73
Property: Shape and texture Test Method (ASTM): ? Impact on Concrete: Affects bonding and strength
Visual inspection
74
Property: Shape and texture Test Method (ASTM): Visual inspection Impact on Concrete: ?
Affects bonding and strength
75
Property: ? Test Method (ASTM): C127, C128 Impact on Concrete: Affects weight and mix proportions
Specific gravity
76
Property: Specific gravity Test Method (ASTM): ? Impact on Concrete: Affect weight and mix proportions
C127, C128
77
Property: Specific gravity Test Method (ASTM): C127, C128 Impact on Concrete: ?
Affects weight and mix proportions
78
Property: ? Test Method (ASTM): C70, C566 Impact on Concrete: Affects water-cement ratio
Moisture content
79
Property: Moisture content Test Method (ASTM): ? Impact on Concrete: Affects water-cement ratio
C70, C556
80
Property: Moisture content Test Method (ASTM): C70, C566 Impact on Concrete: ?
Affects water-cement ratio
81
Property: ? Test Method (ASTM): C33 Impact on Concrete: Affect sand coarseness
Fineness modulus (FM)
82
Property: Fineness modulus (FM) Test Method (ASTM): ? Impact on Concrete: Affect sand coarseness
C33
83
Property: Fineness modulus (FM) Test Method (ASTM): C33 Impact on Concrete: ?
Affects sand coarseness
84
Property: ? Test Method (ASTM): C131 Impact on Concrete: Affects durability
Abrasion resistance
85
Property: Abrasion resistance Test Method (ASTM): ? Impact on Concrete: Affects durability
C131
86
Property: Abrasion resistance Test Method (ASTM): C131 Impact on Concrete: ?
Affects durability
87
Property: ? Test Method (ASTM): C535 Impact on Concrete: Affects compressive strength
Crushing strength
88
Property: Crushing strength Test Method (ASTM): ? Impact on Concrete: Affects compressive strength
C535
89
Property: Crushing strength Test Method (ASTM): C535 Impact on Concrete: ?
Affects compressive strength
90
Property: ? Test Method (ASTM): C1260, C1293 Impact on Concrete: Causes cracking
Alkali-Silica reactivity (ASR)
91
Property: Alkali-Silica reactivity (ASR) Test Method (ASTM): ? Impact on Concrete: Causes cracking
C1260, C1293
92
Property: Alkali-Silica reactivity (ASR) Test Method (ASTM): C1260, C1293 Impact on Concrete: ?
Causes cracking
93
Property: ? Test Method (ASTM): C88 Impact on Concrete: Prevents sulfate attack
Sulfate resistance
94
Property: Sulfate resistance Test Method (ASTM): ? Impact on Concrete: Prevents sulfate attack
C88
95
Property: Sulfate resistance Test Method (ASTM): C88 Impact on Concrete: ?
Prevents sulfate attack
96
Property: ? Test Method (ASTM): C531 Impact on Concrete: Affects temperature stability
Thermal expansion
97
Property: Thermal expansion Test Method (ASTM): ? Impact on Concrete: Affects temperature stability
C531
98
Property: Thermal expansion Test Method (ASTM): C531 Impact on Concrete: ?
Affects temperature stability
99
Property: ? Test Method (ASTM): C666 Impact on Concrete: Prevents frost damage
Freeze-thaw resistance
100
Property: Freeze thaw resistance Test Method (ASTM): ? Impact on Concrete: Prevents frost damage
C666
101
Property: Freeze thaw resistance Test Method (ASTM): C666 Impact on Concrete: ?
Prevents frost damage
102
ASTM C136
Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates
103
_____ improves, workability, strength, and durability in concrete
Well-graded aggregates
104
______ can lead to voids and weaker concrete
Poorly graded or gap-graded aggregates
105
ASTM C70
Test method for surface moisture in fine aggregate
106
ASTM C566
Test method for total moisture in aggregate
107
ASTM C33
Specifies FM for fine aggregates (ranges between 2.3 and 3.1)
108
ASTM C131
Los Angeles (LA) abrasion test (for coarse aggregate)
109
ASTM C535
Resistance to degradation of large – size coarse aggregates
110
ASTM D5874
Impact resistance of aggregates
111
ASTM C1260 and C1293
Detect potential for ASR in aggregates
112
ASTM C88
Soundness, of aggregates using sodium or magnesium sulfate
113
ASTM C40
Organic impurities in fine aggregates
114
ASTM C531
Coefficient of thermal expansion (COTE)
115
ASTM C666
Resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing

CMT (4 decks)

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