Properties of a material Flashcards
What is a Physical property of a material?
Physical properties are things that are measureable. Those are things like density and melting points.
What are the physical properties of material (6)
colour, density, melting and boiling points, and electrical and thermal conductivity.
physical properties
Density
implies the weight of a material, with higher density rates implying heavier materials
physical properties
Colour
the reflective property of a material
physical properties
Boiling and melting points
Boiling - the minimum required temperature for a liquid material to change into gas
Melting - the minimum temperature required for a sold to change into a liquid
What is a mechanical property?
Mechanical properties are how a material performs when different forces are applied to them.
What are examples of mechanical properties of a material (8)
stiffness, toughness, ductility, hardness, and impact resistance, Tensile strength, Malleability
How do you test a mechanical property?
Hardness test - tests hardness
Compression and fatigue testing - tests tensile strength
Scratch adhesive testing - tests adhesive failure
Mechanical properties
What is Compressive strength?
The ability to withstand being crushed or shortened by pushin* forces (compression)
Mechanical properties
What is Tensile Strength?
The ability to resist stretching or pulling forces
Mechanical properties
What is Stiffness?
The ability to resist forced that may bend the material
Mechanical properties
What is Hardness?
The ability to resist abrasion wear such as scratching, surface indentation or cutting
Mechanical properties
What is durability?
The ability to withstand wear, damage or cutting
Mechanical properties
What is impact resistance?
The ability to absorb impact force without fracture
Mechanical properties
What is Plasticity?
The ability to be permanently deformed (shaped) and retain the deformed shape.
Mechanical properties
What is elasticity?
The ability to be deformed and then return to the original shape when the force is removed
Mechanical properties
What is malleability?
The ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking.
Malleability increases with a rise in temperature
Mechanical properties
What is ductility?
The ability to be drawn out under tension, reducing the cross-sectional area without cracking, for example stretching a material into a wire.
Mechanical properties
What is Strength-to-weight ratio?
Comparing the strength of a structure to the amount of weight it can support
Chemical properties
What is Flammability?
How a material burns once ignited and the degree of difficulty required to cause combustion
Chemical properties
What is biodegradability?
The ability of a material to break down naturally and decompose by the action of microorganisms
Physical Properties
What is thermal conductivity (conductor)?
Allows the transfer of heat energy through a material. A material with high thermal conductivity allows the transfer of heat to occur quickly across a material.
Physical properties
What is thermal conductivity (insulator)?
Prevents the transfer of heat through the material
Chemical properties
What is Corrosion/degradability resistance?
The ability of a material to withstand environmental attacks or decay.
Physical properties Electrical conductivity (conductor)
Allows the flow of electrical currents through materials
Physical properties Electrical conductivity (insulator)
Does not allow the flow of electricity through the material
What is a chemical property?
a property or characteristic of a substance that is observed during a reaction in which the chemical composition or identity of the substance is changed
Examples of chemical properties (4)
Flammability, biodegradability, Corrosion and degradation resistance
