Properties and purpose of routing and switching

Question 1

EIGRP(Enhanced Interior gateway routing protocol)

Answer 1

Cisco proprietary protocol
EIGRP uses information from its neighbors to help it select an optimal route
EIGRP also maintains a database of topological information
EIGRP is an Internet Gateway Protocol(rule) with fast convergence and is very scalable(flexible)
Uses is Diffusing-Update Algorithm ( DUAL)

Question 2

OSPF(Open Shortest Path First)

Answer 2

find the least-cost path to any destination in the network (Cost=link speed btn two routers)
each router using OSPF sends a list of its neighbors to other routers on the network. From this information, routers can determine the network design and the shortest path for data to travel

Question 3

RIP(Routing Information Protocol)

Answer 3

distance-vector routing protocol(each router communicates with all routers)
2 versions(v2 Fixed v1) slow due to updates.
can do max of 15 hops

Question 4

Link State vs distance-vector

Answer 4

Link state: Build map of network
distance-vector: router communicate to all routers on the network.
Hybrid:Both

Question 5

Static vs dynamic

Answer 5

static:Manual inputting of the route table

dynamic Automatic inputting of the route table

Question 6

Routing Metrics

Answer 6

Hot counts -# of hops to reach node
MTU, Bandwidth: data transmission without breaking up
Latency -Time it takes packets to travel

Question 7

Spanning Tree protocol(STP)

Answer 7

Prevent broadcast storms by allowing network to have redundant Layer 2 connections.
STP actively monitors the network, searching for redundant links. When it finds some, it shuts them down to prevent switching loops

Question 8

VLAN

Answer 8

VLANs are used for network segmentation, a strategy that significantly increases the network’s performance capability, removes potential performance bottlenecks, and can even increase network security.

Question 9

Port mirroring:

Answer 9

technique to measure how well switches work.
configure a copy of all inbound and outbound traffic to go to a certain port. A protocol analyzer examines the data sent…

Question 10

Broadcast Domain vs Collision Domain

Answer 10

A broadcast domain is created by routers or VLANs. it stops broadcast messages from leaving their network and hence create congestion
Collision Domain :HUBs create one collision zone.
switches create one collision zone for each port to stop congestion.

Question 11

IGP vs EGP {Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) and Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs)}

Answer 11

categorizing routing protocols based on the scope of their operation.
IGP operate within Autonomous systems(AS)
EGP operate between Autonomous systems(AS)

Question 12

routing tables

Answer 12

Before a data packet is forwarded, a chart is reviewed to determine the best possible path for the data to reach its destination. This chart is the computer’s routing table
Every computer on a TCP/IP network has a routing table stored locally.

Question 13

Convergence(steady state)

Answer 13

The time it takes the routers to update their table once a change has occurred in the network