Promoting oxygenation

Question 1

Oxygenation of body tissues is dependent on:

Answer 1

Airway system to transport air to and from lungs
Alveolar system to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
Cardiovascular system and blood supply to carry
nutrients and wastes to and from body cells

Question 2

Ventilation

Answer 2

movement of air into and out of lungs

Question 3

of lobes R side V left

Answer 3

R: 3 L: 2

Question 4

Perfusion

Answer 4

the process by which oxygenated capillary capillary blood passes through body tissues

Question 5

Respiration

Answer 5

gas exchange between alveoli and blood

Question 6

Hypoxia- definition, S&S, caused by?

Answer 6

inadequate amount of O2 available to cells

S & S: dyspnea, increased BP, increased pulse, pallor, cyanosis, anxiety, restlessness, confusion, and drowsiness

Often caused by hypoventilation, atelectasis

Question 7

Medication considerations for patients

Answer 7

Opioids and sedatives can lower the rate and depth of respirations. These patients need to be checked on more frequently.

Question 7

Developmental Considerations

Answer 7

Age related changes
Older adult: respiratory tract tissues and airways become less elastic
power of respiratory and abdominal muscles is reduced
Diaphragm moves less efficiently
Blood vessels and valves become less efficient

Question 8

Factors Affecting CardiopulmonaryFunctioning & Oxygenation

Answer 8

Any illness that affects exchange of oxygen affects oxygenation
Any disorder that affects cardiovascular system ex; ALS, scoliosis, MS etc.

Question 9

Environmental considerations that could affect cardiopulmonary function and oxygenation

Answer 9

Air pollution, environmental or occupational exposure to pollutants/chemicals/carcinogens

Question 10

Psychological health considerations that could affect cardiopulmonary

Answer 10

In response to stress & anxiety:
Hyperventilation - CO2 levels
Bronchospasms – asthma attack
Or hypoxia can lead to anxiety

Question 11

Focused questions

Answer 11

Patterns of respiration: How would you describe your breathing
Medications: take meds for breathing?
Health history: Heart, lung, or breathing conditions?
Recent changes: recent changes in breathing
Lifestyle & environment: smoke or live w a smoker
Cough: how much and how often
Sputum: Productive cough
Pain: Chest pain or pain with breathing
Dyspnea: Sleep lying flat? With exercise winded?
Fever: pneumonia recently?
Fatigue: More tired recently?

Question 12

Pulse ox- What does it measure?
what range is normal?

Answer 12

measures the arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2 or SpO2)
Be aware of patient’s hemoglobin level as well
95 – 100% normal
< or = 90% abnormal

Question 13

Prompting comfort for patients (things to help them stay comfortable)

Answer 13

Positioning – to allow free movement of the diaphragm & expansion of chest wall
Adequate fluid intake – to keep secretions thin
Providing humidification – to protect against irritation & infection