Exam 3 Blueprint Flashcards
Body fat distribution and risk
Central abdominal obesity poses a greater risk
Waist circumference is a good indicator of abdominal fat
- risk increases with a waist measurement of 40 inches+ for men and 35in+ for women
KNOW THE BRADEN SCALE
Sometimes my ass May fart nasty
Helps to assess patient risk for developing a pressure ulcer
6 subscales:
- sensation
- moisture
- activity
- mobility
- friction and shear
- nutritional status
Hypotonic
Lesser concentration of particles than plasma
Promoting Proper Breathing (exercises)
-Deep breathing exercises- make each breath deep enough to move the bottom ribs
-Incentive Spirometry- Encourages maximizing lung inflation and preventing/reducing atelectasis
-Pursed-lip breathing- prolongs expiration resulting in improved gas exchange and decreased dyspnea
Constipation (at risk patients)
In the older adult - constipation is a chronic problem; diarrhea and fecal incontinence may result form physiologic or lifestyle changes
Constipating foods: cheese, lean meat, eggs, pasta
Foods with laxative effect: fruits and veggies, bran, chocolate, alcohol, coffee
Those at high risk:
- patients on bedrest taking constipating medicines
- patients with reduced fluids or bulk in diet
- depressed patients
- patients with CNS disease or local lesions that cause pain while defecating
Osmosis
Water flows from lowers conc. to higher concent.
Oxygenation of body tissues depend on:
3
-Airway system to transport air to and from lungs
-Alveolar system to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
-Cardiovascular system and blood supply to carry nutrients and wastes to and from body cells
Isotonic solution & example
Definition: solutions with the same osmolality as body fluids
- do not enter the cells because there is no osmotic force to shift the fluids
- increases ECF volume
Example: 0.9% NS, LR
What do nurses need to do specially if they are giving blood to a patient?
NEED 2 NURSES
Stay with the patient for 15 minutes to watch for reaction
Check blood type and patient band
Respiratory Assessment- pulse ox
What does it measure
Measures the arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation
Diarrhea
Nursing measures
Nursing measures:
- answer call bell immediately
- remove cause of diarrhea when possible
- if impaction, obtain physician order for rectal exam
- give special care to region around anus
non rebreather
*non-rebreather- the one-way valve doesn’t allow you to breathe in any outside air.
What is the difference between a nebulizer and bronchodilator?
Nebulizer gets medication deeper into the respiratory tract
- Acute exacerbation of asthma: nebulizer may help
What is the total daily energy intake
Total calories for each food item eaten
Minerals information
- organic elements found in all body fluids and tissues
- some function to provide structure in the body, others help regulate body processes
- contained in the ash that remains after digestion - ash??
- macrominerals: calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium
- microminerals: iron, zinc, manganese, chromium, copper, molybdenum, selenium, fluoride, iodine
What are micronutrients what do they do
Regulate and control body processes: vitamins and minerals
TPN
Total parenteral Nutrition
Nutritional support, highly concentrated
Infused through central line
Used with clients who can’t meet nutritional needs PO or enteral.
Complications; infection, f/e imbalance.
NGT placement
Confirming placement:
- radiographic examination
- assessment of aspirate pH
- measurement of tube length and tube marking
- carbon dioxide monitoring
- confirming nasointestinal tube placement
Measure from tip of nose to ear to xiphoid process, inserted through nasal flares (assess to make sure no breakdown and which is better suited), thread through nose, have patient swallowing water to ensure goes down esophagus
What diet is recommended if someone is having diarrhea?
BRAT diet: banana, rice, applesauce, toast
What are some helpful techniques in teaching someone that has constipation?
Increase activity, increase fluids, consume fiber
What is one of your first nursing actions if you notice a patient using accessory muscles while sitting in a chair?
Check pulse ox, then listen to lungs
What is pursed lip breathing?
Prolonging expiration portion of the breathing cycle so that it reduces airway resistance
Working with people with chronic obstructive lung disease
What is special with a dry powder inhaler
Wash their mouth out
HIPAA gives patients the right to:
-See & copy their health record
-Update their health record
-Get a list of the disclosures of their records made by the healthcare institution
-Request certain restrictions on disclosures
-Choose how to receive health information