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Wellness > Promoting Health in School-age and adolescents > Flashcards

Promoting Health in School-age and adolescents Flashcards

1
Q

Maturation - Physiological

A

Puberty = body changes

  • Pre-pubescent
  • Pubescent
  • Post-pubescent
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2
Q

Maturation - Psychological

A

Adolescence = adjustments in personality

  • Early
  • Middle
  • Late
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3
Q

Fears in school aged children: age 6

A

-Supernatural events; hidden people; being left or lost; death of a loved one

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4
Q

Fears: age 7

A

Ideas suggested by TV

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5
Q

Fears: 8-9

A

School failure; ridicule by peers

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6
Q

Fears: 10-11

A

Parental anger; older kids; catastrophes; school failure

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7
Q

Fears: 12-17

A

Physical changes; sexual fears; world events

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8
Q

Greatest risk for harm in school age

A

Accidental! (preventable)

  • Drowning
  • Traffic injury
  • Poisonings
  • Unintentional
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9
Q

Health promotion activities

A
  • School settings
  • Social clubs/organizations
  • Primary care offices (until 5th grade)
  • Social Media
  • Peers (increases with age)
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10
Q

Social media

A

Reflects individualism and community for adolescents
-Young people who feel connected to their school are less likely to engage in many risk behaviors, including early sexual initiation, alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use, and violence and gang involvement

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11
Q

Physical Growth and Dev Considerations

A
  • Wide variation in initiation, rate of growth, completion of development
  • Impacted by genetic, environmental and SDH factors
  • Females mature earlier
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12
Q

SDH

A

-born, grow, work, live and age and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life. These forces and systems include economic policies and systems, development agendas, social norms, social policies and political systems

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13
Q

Adolescent development

A

-Adolescence is often at least one “difficult” stage of transition
-Consists of three distinct stages of development
-Developmental goals:
-Separate from parents
-Connect with peers
-Develop positive self
image

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14
Q

HEADDSSS: the quick assessment for adolescence

A 
Home
Education and Employment
Activities
Drugs
Diet
Sexuality
Suicide and Depression
Safety and Violence
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15
Q

Assessing Home

A
  • Open ended questions
  • Developmentally appropiate question examples:
    1. Tell me bout your mom & dad
    2. Where do you live? Who lives with you?
    3. What are rules like at home?
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16
Q

Assessing Education and Employment

A
  1. How are you doing in school? What are you good at? What’s difficult for you?
  2. Future plans?
  3. How do you get along with peers? (bullying inquiry)
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17
Q

Assessing Activities

A
  1. What do you do for fun?
  2. Which activities are you involved in?
  3. Have you ever been involved with the police?
18
Q

Assessing Drugs

A

When you go out with friends or to a party, do most of them drink alcohol or smoke?

  1. How much and how often?
  2. How do you pay for drugs/etoh?
  3. Do you do them regularly?
19
Q

Assessing Diet

A
  1. Tell me about the exercise you do?
  2. What do you typically eat on a given day?
  3. SCOFF questionnaire
20
Q

SCOFF QUESTIONNAIRE

A

Do you make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full?
Do you worry that you have lost control over how much you eat?
Have you recently lost more than one stone (14 pounds) in a 3 month period?
Do you believe yourself to be fat when others say you are too thin?
Would you say that food dominates your life?

21
Q

Sexuality assessment

A 
Are you in a relationship? Have you ever been?
Orientation?
Contraception
# of partners
Concerns of STIs
LMP
22
Q

Suicide and Depression

A

Have you ever felt stressed or anxious?

  1. What things make you anxious?
  2. PHQ19
  3. SI/SH
  4. Psychosomatic symptoms
  5. Isolation
23
Q

Safety / Violence Assessment

A
  1. Have you ever been seriously injured? How?
  2. How do you decide if a situation/person is safe?
  3. Seat belt safety
  4. Have you ever rode in a car with someone who was drinking?
  5. Guns
24
Q

Prevention is KEY to teen health: health promotion in school age and adolescents

A
  1. Anemia (always tired)
  2. Behavioral (school and social issues)
  3. Skin (acne)
  4. Growth issues/injuries to musculoskeletal system
  5. Safety
  6. Relationships
  7. Promotion of growth/development for all (despite chronic illness)
25
Q

Top 3 causes of mortality in teens

A

Accidents (car), homicide, suicide

26
Q

Promotion of Health for Teens

A
  1. Continue annual exams and immunizations
  2. Enforce health habits that reduce risks
  3. Address the positives found in “HEADDSSS” assessment
  4. Praise for success
  5. Plan for questions teens may have and offer confidentiality
  6. Ensure adequate sleep and nutrition
  7. ensure adequate sleep and nutrition
  8. Support systems, peers, coping mechanisms
  9. Promote on-going transition in healthcare
27
Q

Early Adolescence

A
  1. Concrete thinkers: “immediate experience” cant think past NOW
  2. Self focused
  3. Concerned w appearance / acceptance
  4. Short attention span
  5. Might be the last opportunity to have health exam!
28
Q

Early Adolescence (age 10-14)

A

Address

  1. peer and family relationships
  2. body image issues
  3. safety
  4. School success
  5. Correcting myths
29
Q

Early Adolescent signs

A
  1. Being to separate from parents and family
  2. Increased importance on same sex peer relationships
  3. concrete thinkers
  4. preoccupied with their own bodies
  5. develop “crushes”
  6. May initiate sexual activity
30
Q

Family Support

A
  1. Adolescents who perceive that they have good communication and are bonded with an adult are less likely to engage in risky behaviors
  2. Parents who provide supervision and are involved with their adolescents activities are promoting a safe environment in which to explore opportunities
31
Q

Bullying

A

Sexual orientation is a big risk

1. schools can help by implementing anti discrimination and anti harassment policies

32
Q

Impact of tech

A
  1. education benefits vs risks

2. nursing role

33
Q

Middle Adolescence (ages 14-17)

A
  1. Safety (MVC major cause of death in teens)
  2. Promotion of healthy relationships
  3. Sleep (need 8.5-9.5)
  4. Diet and hydration (can cause headache, fatigue, nausea, weakness, crankiness and poor concentration)
  5. mental health issues
34
Q

Late Adolescence (17+)

A
  1. Promoting Transitions
    - PCP, self report of concerns and health history, management of meds
  2. Safety focus continues
  3. Prevention of long term health issues
35
Q

Health promotion for young adults

A
  1. Complete, confidential physical before leaving high school
  2. update immunizations
  3. Start woman’s routine screening and plan for contraception (if not already complete) (pap guidelines >21 if not SA and chlamydia screeing > 16 if SA or suspecting
  4. Discuss strategies for “adult” health maintenance, revisit any chronic concerns
  5. Praise for successful transition
  6. Plans for beyond school
  7. Address any chronic health conditions
    REITERATE SAFETY
36
Q

Ensure Confidentiality

A
  1. talk to teen alone (gentle parentectomy)
  2. Discuss privacy at the start of the interview
  3. Normalize teen being independent for care
  4. Know what MUST be reported (abuse, sexual relationships, STD’s, suicide ideology, self harm, serious health concerns)
37
Q

NC and family planning clinics

A
  1. Minor may consent to contraceptive services (outside of public school clinics)
  2. Minor may consent to testing and treatment for STD (HPV vaccine is included in this)
  3. parental consent required before abortion (unless judge allows bypass)
  4. Teens <18 are not emancipated as parents in NC
38
Q

Promoting Health

A
  1. Developmentally appropriate
  2. Written
  3. Discussion
  4. Repeated messages
  5. Social Media
  6. Reliable resources for information and care
39
Q

Considerations

A
  1. Culturally sensitive
  2. With he parent/caregiver?
  3. Memorable?
  4. Use of resources
40
Q

Approach to teens

A
  1. Consider the clinical situation (goal to be patient focused and family sensitive)
  2. Know the law: patients >16 years old have a right to confidential care unless they are at risk for harm
  3. Motivational interviewing: be mindful of the developmental stage (prescribing meds, negotiating procedures, discussing sleep, activities, risk factors and diet)
  4. Discharge/health promotion teaching (verbal and written instructions for both teen and parent)

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