Prologue

Question 1

Physiology

Answer 1

branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms
1600’s - brain and behaviour
1700’s - specific bodily functions can be traced to specific body areas
Phrenology did not work they way it was hypothesized to.

Question 2

Aristotle

Answer 2

Historys background of psychology. Theories of learning and memory, perception, motivation, emotion, socialization, and personality.

Question 3

Hermann von Helmholtz & Speed of Responses

Answer 3

physiology and physics. created methods to measure nerve impulses in frogs and then applied this to humans. Measured reaction times to different stimulus.

Question 4

When and who established the first psychology lab?

Answer 4

Wilhelm Wundt in 1879 at University of Leipzig, Germany.

Question 5

Structuralism

Answer 5

Edward Titchner and Wundt said that complex experiences could be broken down into elemental parts or structures. Using introspection they observed what happened when people did certain actions.

Question 6

Functionalism

Answer 6

Advocated by William James and influenced by Darwin. Focuses on how our mental and behavioural processes function to allow people to adapt to their environment.

Question 7

William James

Answer 7

A professor and philosopher, who was influential in establishing psychology in the US. Known for his work at Harvard. Wrote ‘Principles of Psychology’

Question 8

Mary Calkins

Answer 8

Worked under William James in his graduate seminar. She was denied a PhD from Harvard but became the APA’s first female president in 1905.

Question 9

Pavlov

Answer 9

Physiologist

Question 10

Freud

Answer 10

Physician

Question 11

Piaget

Answer 11

Biologist

Question 12

Personal History of William James

Answer 12

Started in medical, didn’t like it. Went on an expedition in the Amazon. Returned to medical school, had health problems, forced to leave and then went to Europe. Learned about psychology which intrigued him. Came back to the US, finished medical degree and then worked at Harvard.

Question 13

Behaviourism

Answer 13

Dismissed the idea of introspection and redefined psychology as the study of observable behaviour. Science is rooted in observation and you cannot observe a sensation, a feeling or a thought. Skinner, Watson and Rosalie Rayner.

Question 14

Freudian Psychology

Answer 14

Unconscious mental processes and emotional responses to childhood experiences affects our behaviours.

Question 15

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 15

Potential of humans is assumed. Emphasis on self-determination, free will and the importance of choice. Emphasis on the external influences of the behaviourist school

Question 16

Cognitive psychology

Answer 16

mental processes and how they influence behaviour. scientific study of how perception, thought, memory and reasoning are processed.

Question 17

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 17

study of brain activity linked with perception, thinking, memory and language.

Question 18

Psychology

Answer 18

The study of behaviour and mental processes.

Question 19

entity theorists

Answer 19

Thinks that traits are fixed (fixed mindset)

Question 20

incremental theorists

Answer 20

thinks that traits are changeable (growth mindset)

Question 21

malleability of intelligence

Answer 21

brain is a muscle that can be strengthened with hard work

Question 22

junior high school students study

Answer 22

half of them were told that their brain can be strengthened if the work hard. those half had better results

Question 23

psychology’s three main levels of analysis

Answer 23

biological, psychological, social-cultural which make up the biopsychosocial approach

Question 24

fixed mindset

Answer 24

related to decreased motivation

Question 25

biological level of analysis MMNMM

Answer 25

identifying the middle letter of a 5 letter sequence. EEG’s measures electrical activity in the brain. some might call the letter an M, brain quickly sees the mistake and tries to fix it.

Question 26

measured mindset

Answer 26

if people believe they can learn from their mistakes or not. people who think they can learn from the mistake do better after.

Question 27

behaviour genetics

Answer 27

the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behaviour.

Question 28

positive psychology

Answer 28

scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

Question 29

basic research

Answer 29

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 30

applied research

Answer 30

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 31

clinical psychologist

Answer 31

branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with a psychological disorder

Question 32

psychiatrist

Answer 32

branch of medicine that deals with psychological disorders. physicians sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

Question 33

community psychology

Answer 33

branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Question 34

testing effect

Answer 34

enhanced memory after retrieving rather than repeating

Question 35

SQ3R

Answer 35

a study method that includes 5 steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, and review