Prolapse

Question 1

What is a cystocele

Answer 1

Prolapse of bladder into vagina

Upper anterior vaginal wall

Question 2

What is a urethrocele

Answer 2

Prolapse of urethra only (no bladder) into vagina

Lower anterior vaginal wall

Question 3

What is an enterocele

Answer 3

Prolapse into vagina
Upper posterior vaginal wall
Pouch usually contains loops of small bowel

Question 4

What is a rectocele

Answer 4

Prolapse of rectum (anterior wall) into vagina

Lower posterior vaginal wall

Question 5

What is an apical prolapse

Answer 5

Prolapse

Upper vagina + uterus + cervix

Question 6

How many degrees of cervical prolapse are there

Answer 6

4

Question 7

Why is menopause a risk factor for prolapse

Answer 7

Deterioration of collagenous connective tissue with age

Question 8

Classic presentation of prolapse

Answer 8

Dragging sensation or lump,

usually worse at end of day or on standing

Question 9

Which type of prolapse may cause urinary frequency, stress incontinence

Answer 9

Cystourethrocele

Question 10

Which type of prolapse may cause difficulty defecating

Answer 10

Rectocele

Question 11

Differentials for prolapse on speculum examination

Answer 11

• large polyps

- vaginal cysts

Question 12

What types of pessaries are there?

How often should they be changed?

Answer 12

Ring or shelf pessary

Change every 6-9 months