Cervical cancer screening Flashcards
How often are women aged 25-49 screened for cervical cancer
Every 3 years
How often are women aged 50-64 screened for cervical cancer
Every 5 years
How often are women aged 65+ screened for cervical cancer
No more screening unless
- recent abnormal test
- no test since age 50
In cervical screening,
Who is sent to do a HPV test
- Borderline changes
- Low grade dyskaryosis
Then send for colposcopy if +ve
In cervical screening,
Who is sent straight to colposcopy without doing HPV
High grade dyskaryosis (moderate/ severe)
What 4 infections are tested for in cytology
- Actinomyces-like organisms
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Candida
- HSV
Which strains of HPV cause cervical cancer
HPV 16 and 18
and 31 and 33
What happens in a LLETZ
Removal of abnormal tissue on cervix
to treat high grade changes
Most common site of dysplasia in cervix
Squamo-columnar junction of cervix
Why does smoking increase risk of CIN/ cervical cancer
Unable to clear persistent HPV infections
How does HPV infection lead to increased risk of cervical cancer
HPV produces proteins which inhibit p53 (tumour suppressor)
->allows uncontrolled cell division
How do oral contraceptives increase the risk of CIN/ cervical cancer
Makes cervical cells more susceptible to persistent HPV infection
Which grade of CIN is also known as cervical carcinoma in situ (grade 0)
CIN 3
