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Stage 3: EJR - Gynae > General gynae > Flashcards

General gynae Flashcards

1
Q

3 Benign itchy vulval skin conditions

-what they look like

A
  1. Lichen SCLEROSIS (itch + white thickened plaques on skin)
  2. Lichen SIMPLEX (itch + hyper/hypo pigmentation)
  3. Lichen PLANUS (pain/itch + flat purple papules)
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2
Q

Which vulval skin condition may be associated with vulval intra-epithelial neoplasia

A

Lichen sclerosis

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3
Q

Explain in histological terms what a cervical ectropion is

A

Cells normally found on the inside of the cervix (glandular) are present on the outside of the cervix (normally squamous epithelial)

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4
Q

Symptoms of cervical ectropion/ polyp

A
  • heavy flow periods
  • intermenstrual bleeding
  • prolapse through cervix
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5
Q

Non-infective pathological causes of vaginal discharge

A
  1. Cervical polyps
  2. Vulval dermatitis
  3. Erosive lichen planus
  4. Cancer (cervix/ uterus/ ovary)
  5. Fistula
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6
Q

5 Non-infective pathological causes of vaginal discharge

A
  1. Cervical polyps
  2. Vulval dermatitis
  3. Erosive lichen planus
  4. Cancer (cervix/ uterus/ ovary)
  5. Fistula
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7
Q

5 Infective causes of vaginal discharge

A
  1. BV (most common)
  2. Candida
  3. Chlamydia
  4. Gonorrhoea
  5. Trichomonas vaginalis
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8
Q

Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis

A
  1. IUD
  2. Vaginal douching
  3. Sexually active
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9
Q

Type of discharge in BV

A
  • Grey-watery discharge

* Strong fishy smell

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10
Q

Type of discharge in candida

A
  • Thick white/ watery discharge (cottage-cheese like)

* Odourless

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11
Q

Type of discharge in trichomonas vaginalis

A
  • Thick, yellow-green

* Strong fishy odour

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12
Q

What is the most common pelvic tumour

A

Fibroids

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13
Q

4 sites where fibroids are found.

Which is the most common?

A
  1. Intramural (most common)
  2. Submucosal (under lining)
  3. Subserosal (under perimetrium)
  4. Pedunculated (growing on a stalk)
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14
Q

Symptoms of fibroids

A
  1. Abnormal bleeding
  2. Abdo pain/ pressure
  3. Urinary urgency (from compression)
  4. Constipation (from compression)
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15
Q

4 pregnancy-related complications of fibroids

A
  1. Recurrent spontaneous abortion
  2. Premature contractions
  3. Abnormal foetal presentation
  4. Block cervix, making C section necessary
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16
Q

Bimanual palpation is normally enough to examine fibroids.

In what 4 cases would imaging also be necessary?

A
  1. New finding
  2. Increase in size
  3. Fibroids causing symptoms
  4. Exclude differentials eg ovarian masses
17
Q

What 2 hormonal treatments may be given for fibroids

A
  1. GnRH agonists
  2. Exogenous progestins

(both would suppress oestrogen)

18
Q

What is adenomyosis?

Symptoms?

A

Endometrium grows into myometrium

-Causes menstrual cramps, bloating before periods

19
Q

Cellular origin of fibroids

A

Monoclonal

20
Q

What is endometriosis

A

Presence and growth of tissue similar to endometrium outside the uterus

21
Q

What is a chocolate cyst/ endometrioma

A

Growth of endometrial tissue within ovary

22
Q

Appearance of chocolate cyst/ endometrioma on USS

A

Ground glass appearance (due to abnormal blood)

23
Q

What gynae conditions respond to oestrogen?

When will they be biggest?

A

Larger during reproductive years
Smaller after menopause

  1. Fibroids
  2. Endometriosis
24
Q

On laparoscopy to diagnose endometriosis, what are signs of

-active disease

A

Red vesicles

25
Q

On laparoscopy to diagnose endometriosis, what are signs of

-less active disease

A

White scars (with surrounding abnormal blood vessels)

Black/ brown “powder burn” spots

26
Q

On laparoscopy to diagnose endometriosis, what are signs of

-severe disease

A

Severe adhesions

Ovarian endometriomas

27
Q

What imaging is used to see endometriomas

A

TV USS

28
Q

What are follicular cysts

A

Persistently enlarged follicles

29
Q

What are lutein cysts

A

Persistently enlarged corpus luteum

30
Q

Complications of ovarian cysts

A
  1. Rupture

2. Torsion

31
Q

Definition of menorrhagia

A

Heavy bleeding

> 80ml per period

Stage 3: EJR - Gynae (12 decks)

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