Prokarytotic Cells

Question 1

What is a prokaryotic cell?
Where is their DNA found?

Answer 1

An organism, usually single celled, whose DNA is suspended freely in the cytoplasm.

Question 2

What are the 2 groups of prokaryotes?

Answer 2

Bacteria
Archaea

Question 3

Give 8 parts of a bacterial cell.

Answer 3

Pilli
Plasmid
Ribosome
Cell wall
DNA strand
Cytoplasm
Flagella
Capsule

Question 4

What is a flagella?

Answer 4

A helical tail that extends out of the cell that rotates to propel the cell forward.

Question 5

What are pilli?

Answer 5

Hollow protein structures that extend out from the cytoplasm.

Question 6

Describe the DNA in prokaryotes.

Answer 6

Free floating in the cytoplasm, not contained in a nuclear envelope.
Not associated with proteins.

Question 7

What is a plasmid?
What do they do?

Answer 7

Small continuous loops of genetic material, used in genetic engineering to make copies of genes or large quantities of proteins.

Question 8

What is a capsule?

Answer 8

An outer layer of polysaccharide, used to protect the cell from toxins.
They allow bacterial cell antigens to be hidden on the surface which can be used to attack another organism.

Question 9

Describe bacterial cell walls.

Answer 9

Made of peptidoglycan to provide strength and structural support to the cell.

Question 10

Describe ribosomes in bacterial cells.

Answer 10

Smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes, translate mRNA into proteins.

Question 11

What is the cell wall in fungal cells made from?

Answer 11

Chitin