prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

what are the three domains of life?

Answer 1

Domain Archaea
Domain Bacteria
Domain Eucarya

Question 2

what is a cell?

Answer 2

A cell is the fundamental unit of life.
The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism.

Question 3

unicellular

Answer 3

comprised of ONE cell

Question 4

multicellular

Answer 4

Comprised of TWO or MORE cells

Question 5

discovery of the cell

Answer 5

Robert Hooke - 1665

Question 6

CELL THEORY

Answer 6

1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells!
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 7

examples of cells

Answer 7

Red blood cells
Nerve cells
Fat cells
Muscle cells
Cells in culture
Egg & Sperm cells

Question 8

prokaryotes

Answer 8

no nucleus (bacteria)

Question 9

Eukaryotes

Answer 9

nucleus (fungi, plants, animals, protists)

Question 10

A Prokaryotic cell

Answer 10

usually consists of a single compartment, the cytoplasm, enclosed by the plasma membrane.

Question 11

A Eukaryotic cell

Answer 11

is subdivided by internal membranes which create enclosed compartments (organelles) in which enzymes can operate without interference from reactions occurring in other compartments.

Question 12

All cells have…….

Answer 12

PLASMA MEMBRANE = traffic regulation
CYTOPLASM = suspend cellular components
CHROMOSOMES = contain genes
RIBOSOMES = build proteins

Question 13

prokaryotic cell features:

Answer 13

= small in size.
= cytoplasm occupies in the interior of the cell.
= cell membrane surrounds the cytoplasm.
= surrounded by a cell wall.
= single circular chromosome in the nucleoid region.
= NO membrane bound organelles.
= unicellular but can clump to form aggregates.

Question 14

cells shapes in Bacteria:

Answer 14

COCCI = spherical
BACILLI = rod-shaped
SPIRILLA = spiral-shaped

Question 15

what is the name of prokaryotic cell division?

Answer 15

Binary Fission

Question 16

Binary Fission

Answer 16

This begins at the ORIGIN OF REPLICATION (ORI) and occurs in both directions. The two copies of the DNA molecule are partitioned to either side of the cell. A SEPTUM forms to divide the two new cells. This is a form of ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION.

Question 17

what is asexual reproduction?

Answer 17

Offspring arise from a single parent and inherit the genes of that parent.

Question 18

Bacterial Conjugation

Answer 18

some bacteria reproduce sexually.

Sexual reproduction: bacteria exchange genetic information before dividing.

Offspring have new genes and new traits.

Question 19

The Eukaryotic cell features:

Answer 19

= larger in size compared to prokaryotes.
= cytoplasm occupies the space between the nucleus and plasma/cell membrane.
= Linear chromosomes in the nucleus that carry genetic material.
= cell membrane surrounds the cytoplasm.
= contains membrane-bound organelles.
= Plant cells have cell walls; animal cells have cell membranes.

Question 20

MUSCLE CELLS:

Answer 20

are long, so that they can contract and shorten up, thereby moving body parts.

Question 21

NERVE CELLS:

Answer 21

are also long as they need to transmit nerve signals to different parts of the body.

Question 22

EPITHELIAL CELLS:

Answer 22

are cuboidal, columnar or squamous depending on their location in the body.

Question 23

RED BLOOD CELLS:

Answer 23

are especially small because they need to get through the smallest capillaries of the circulatory system.

Question 24

No ‘nucleus’ versus ‘true nucleus’

Answer 24

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have genetic material in the form of chromosomes.

In eukaryotes, chromosomes are found in an organelle called the nucleus, which bound by a double membrane.

In prokaryotes the chromosome is a double stranded circular structure not enclosed by a membrane. Found in the nucleoid region.

Question 25

chromosomes

Answer 25

house the DNA/genetic material of the organism

Question 26

Eukaryotic Cell Division (complex)

Answer 26

SOMATIC
REPRODUCTIVE

Question 27

Somatic cell division occurs by:

Answer 27

mitosis & cytokinesis

Question 28

mitosis & cytokinesis:

Answer 28

growth, development, repair

asexual reproduction

Question 29

Production of reproductive cells occurs via:

Answer 29

meiosis

Question 30

meiosis:

Answer 30

for reproduction

yields cells with half the DNA content

yields gametes (e.g. egg and sperm) or spores