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Microbiology > Prokaryotic Cells and Structure > Flashcards

Prokaryotic Cells and Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cocci (s., coccus)

A

spheres

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2
Q

diplococci

A

pairs

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3
Q

staphylococci

A

grape-like structures

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4
Q

streptococci

A

chains

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5
Q

tetrads

A

4 cocci in square

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6
Q

sarcinae

A

cubic configuration of 8 cocci

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7
Q

bacilli (s.,bacillus)

A

rods

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8
Q

coccobacillli

A

very short rods

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9
Q

vibrios

A

resemble rods, comma shaped

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10
Q

spirilla (s., spirillim)

A

rigid helices

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11
Q

spirochetes

A

flexible helices

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12
Q

mycelium

A

network of long, multinucleate filaments

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13
Q

pleomorphic

A

organisms that are variable in shape

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14
Q

+ usually composed of polysaccharides

+ well organized and not easily removed from cell

A

capsules

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15
Q

similar to capsules except diffuse, unorganized and easily removed

A

slime layers

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16
Q

extended from the surface of the cell; composed of polysaccharides

A

glycocalyx

17
Q

antiphagocytic, antimicrobial (virulence factor)

A

Function of surface layers

18
Q

food storage material sequestering divalent cations

A

Function of surface layers

19
Q

structural

A

Function of surface layers

20
Q

protection from viral infection or predation by bacteria

A

Function of surface layers

21
Q

protection from chemicals in environment

A

Function of surface layers

22
Q

facilitate motility of gliding bacteria

A

Function of surface layers

23
Q

protection against osmotic stress

A

Function of surface layers

24
Q

a stain which stains the background against the uncolored capsule can be seen (India Ink)

A

Negative staining

25
Q

differential stain which selectively stains external capsules surrounding bacterial cells (Crystal violet/CuSO4)

A

Special capsule staining

26
Q

inclusion bodies

A

storage of carbon, phosphate, and other substances

27
Q

ribosomes

A

80S eukaryotic; 70S prokaryotic

28
Q

prokaryotic cytoskeleton

A

recently demonstrated

29
Q

bacterial cell walls

A

(peptidoglycan/ murein + LPS in gram negs)

30
Q

bacterial cell envelope

A

cell wall + cell membrane + capsule/slime layer

31
Q

peptidoglycan

A

an enormous, mesh-like polymer composed of many identical subunits

32
Q

mesosomes

A

cell division, ETS, uncoupled ETS, DNA replication

33
Q

gas vacuole

A

a proteinaceous cytoplasmic organelle composed of clusters of gas-filled vesicles (gives buoyancy

34
Q

carboxysomes

A

contain Rubisco; present in many cyanobacteria and other CO2 fixing bacteria

35
Q

magnetosomes

A

Internal chains of magnetite (Fe3O4) used by aquatic magnetotactic bacteria to orient themselves in the Earth’s magnetic field

Microbiology (4 decks)

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