Exam 3 Flashcards by heather wade

Zika is which of the below?
A. Low G+C Gram Positive Bacterium
B. dsDNA bacteriophage
D. ssRNA plus straded virus related to yellow fever and dengue fever
E. A new health/energy drink that incorporates lactic acid bacteria

D. ssRNA plus straded virus related to yellow fever and dengue fever

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Zika is associated with which of the below?
A. prions
B. microcephaly in fetuses, and subsequent birth defects
C. fungi that do not reproduce sexually
D. the one-step growth experiment
E. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch

B. microcephaly in fetuses, and subsequent birth defects

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Fungi can
A. establish symbiotic relationships with algae and cyanobacteria
B. cause ringworm
C. digest lignin in wood
D. synthesize LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
E. do all of the above

E. do all of the above

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Which term means "the study of algae?"
A. mycology
B. phycology
C. antinomycetology
D. scientology
E. pornography

B. phycology

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Bradyrhizobium japonicum
A. forms a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with soybeans
B. is a fast growing member of Rhizobiaceae
C. is a gram-positive coccus
D. may grow chemolithotrophically as well as heterotrophically
E. Both A and D

E. Both A and D

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Stephen Colbert shares the following characteristics with which of the below?
A. he is an obligate anaerobe, like Clostridium spp. or Bifidobacterium spp. So he never needs to actually breathe… as you can see if you watch him
B. high 18S rRNA gene sequence homology with those fungi
C. heterotrophic bacteria, i.e. he cannot photosynthesize, or autotrophically assimilate his carbon from carbon dioxide
D. B and C
E. Identical DNa sequence homology with Justin Bieber
F. Stephen Colbert shares only with himself

D. B and C

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Stephen Colbert is related phylogenetically  most closely to which of the below?
A. Archaea 
B. Bacteria
C. eukaryotic algae
D. Fungi
E. pond scum

D. fungi

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Which is/are characteristics of members of the Pseudomonas spp.?
A. polar flagella
B. fluorescent soluble pigments released into media
C. Enter-Doudoroff
D. Gram negative, non-spore formers
E. All of the above

E. All of the above

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What is the term used to describe Bacteria that can use methane or methanol as a carbon source?
A. methanogen 
B. methylotroph
C. diazotroph
D. autotroph
E. auxotroph

B. methylotroph

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Bdellovibrio bactivorus
A. is a bacterium
B. is an obligate intracellular parasite
C. preys on E. coli
D. is a member of Phylum Proteobacteria
E. is all of the above

E. is all of the above

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IF- and I am just speculating here - Stephen Colbert had evolved high enough to be a prokaryotic microbe, he might have enhanced metabolic and genetic capabilities. What might he do now/
A. survive as a heterotrophic organism
B. vertically transfer the genes of Stephen Colbert to his offspring
C. chemilitotrophic growth
D. photosynthetic, diazotrophic and methanogenic capabilities
E. A and B only

E. A and B only

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As an infant, Stephen Colbert’s large intestine was most likely first colonized by which of the below?
A. bacteria
B. Bifidobacterium spp.
C. fungi
D. algae
E. A and B
F. his family housekeeper/ maid/ nanny/ butler
G. Stephen Colbert himself - he was so into himself even while in his mother’s/father’s womb

E. A and B

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Fungi in general tend to…
A. prefer lower pH than do most bacteria
B. tolerate higher osmotic pressure environments such as syrups and honey
C. be aerobic and heterotrophic
D. be all of the above
E. be extremophiles in tolerating high temperatures and high pH

D. all of the above

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Diatoms...
A. have silica skeletons 
B. are members of the Chrysophyta
C. provide materials for filters and abrasives
D. have cells with a bilateral symmetry 
E. are all of the above

E. are all of the above

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Which is the most serious class of human mycoses?
A. superficial
B. dermatophytic
C. tineas
D. subcutaneous
E. systemic

E. systemic

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Which is NOT a type of nucleic acid found in animal viruses?
A. single stranded DNA polypeptides
B. double stranded RNA
C. single stranded RNA 
D. double stranded DNA
E. single stranded DNA

A. single stranded DNA polypeptides

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Described infectious proteinaceous entities that apparently contain no nucleic acids.
A. Twort and D'Herrelle
B. Rebecca Lancefield
C. Steven Lindow
D. Stanley Prusiner
E. Delbruck and Ellis

D. Stanley Prusiner

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Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota 
A. Protozoa
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. viruses 
E. Archaea

C. Fungi

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Microbes with cellulose cell walls
A. Fungi
B. Eukaryotic algae
C. Bacteria
D. Non-cellular, infectious entities 
E. All of the above

B. Eukaryotic algae

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The nucleic acid contained in Lambda virions is which of the below?
A. dsRNA
B. covalently closed circular dsDNA
C. linear dsDNA with cohesive ends
D. circular ssDNA
E. double stranded RNA

C. linear dsDNA with cohesive ends

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Fungi…
A. are comprised of prokaryotic cells
B. have chitin as cell walls
C. produce chlorophyll under aerobic conditions
D. are prokaryotes or eukaryotes, depending on the species
E. are obligate anaerobes

B. have chitin as cell walls

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"Snapping" cell division 
A. is characteristic of some "High G+C Gram Positives"
B. occurs in Corynebacterium diptheriae
C. occurs in Psuedomonadales
D. Both A and B
E. None of the above

D. Both A and B

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Phallus spp.
A. are basidiomycetes
B. have a strong unpleasant odor and are commonly referred to as “stinkhorn fungi”
C. closely resemble the genitalia of a human male
D. are indigenous to Northwest Florida
E. are all of the above

E. are all of the above

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Which of the below is eukaryotic?
A. Ciliphora (e.g., Paramecium, Tetrahymena)
B. Rhizopus stolinifera, Neurospora crassa
C. Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp.
D. Chloryphyta, Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta
E. All of the above

E. All of the above

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Which organism has cells that are likely to retain a stain when washed with acid alcohol? A. bacteria with mycolic acids in their cell walls B. acid-fast bacteria C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis D. All of the above E. A and B only

D. All of the above

``` Circular permutation of DNA sequences... A. occurs in T coliphage viruses B. means that the DNA base sequence reads as if the physical DNA is a circular C. occurs in prions D. is A and B only E. is none of the above ```

A. occurs in T coliphage viruses

Epstein-Barr Virus, Human Herpesvirus 8 and Human papillomavirus all... A. have double stranded RNA genomes B. are single-stranded DNA viruses C. are implicated as causes of human cancer D. are T-type bacteriophages E. have both DNA and RNA

C. are implicated as causes of human cancer

``` Wrote "Introductory Mycology"- a classical text A. Thomas Brock, Dave Ward B. Constantine John Alexopoulos C. Howard Temin, David Baltimore D. Steven Lindow E. Selman Waksman ```

B. Constantine John Alexopoulos

``` The amoeboid cells of Dictyostelium discoideum swarm toward an "I cell" attracted by the release of... A. 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate B. "Acrasin" C. a pheromone D. all of the above E. steroid hormones F. really sexy-smelling perfume ```

D. all of the above

``` Which genus below is claimed by both botanists and zoologists? A. Chlorella B. Euglena C. Neurospora D. Agaricus E. Candida ```

B. Euglena

Dermatophytic fungi obtain carbon and nitrogen principally by A. CO2 and N2 fixation B. symbiotic relationships with the animal host C. symbiotic relationship with skin bacteria D. digestion of keratin, the principle protein of skin, nails and hair E. any one of the above, but not at the same time

D. digestion of keratin, the principle protein of skin, nails and hair

Varicella zoster is a Herpes virus that... A. causes chicken pox B. is often harbored in a latent condition within the peripheral neurons of the spinal column C. may cause a sequela known as shingles D. is harbored in a latent condition in the trigeminal neurons E. is A and C of the above

E. is A and C of the above

Stanley Prusiner... A. won a Nobel Prize for epidemiological work on the etiology agent of athletes' foot B. spent time working on fungi at University of Texas, Austin C. won a Nobel Prize for unveiling the nature of prions D. suggested that the Forge people of New Guinea start eating pizza E. is married to Joe Biden, Nancy Pelosi , Harry Reed, and John Boehner

C. won a Nobel Prize for unveiling the nature of prions

``` Cause of parrot fever, trachoma, typhus fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever... A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Eukarya D. Non-cellular, infectious entities E. None of the above ```

B. Bacteria

``` Which Low G+C gram positive is a member of Class Mollicutes and has a characteristic "fried egg" colony, but stains Gram Negative? A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae B. Proteus vulgaris C. E. coli D. Streptococcus pyogenes E. Corynbacterium diptheriae ```

A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

The classic one-step growth curve experiment that revealed the time course of virus infection of cell. Which is true about it? A. Performed by Delbruck and Ellis B. Dealt with bacteriophage C. Elucidates "burst size," i.e., number of virions released D. All of the above E. Dealt with infection of eukaryotic animal cells by HIV

D. All of the above

The microbiological significance of "Beaver Feaver" is that it is... A. caused by Giardia lamblia B. caused by a protozoan C. a water-borne gastrointestinal disease D. all of the above E. a prion-caused obsessive-compulsive disorder of human males

D. all of the above

``` Aflatoxin, LSD, and other mycotoxins are found exclusively in... A. Domain Bacteria B. Kingdom Fungi C. Domain Archaea D. Proteobacteria E. Non-cellular, infectious entities ```

B. Kingdom Fungi

``` Etiological agents of poliomyelitis, dengue fever, yellow fever, rabies... A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Eukarya D. prions E. viruses ```

E. viruses

``` Studied Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Typhus Fever... A. Peyton Rous B. Louis Pasteur C. Wendell Stanley D. Howard Taylor Ricketts E. Robert Koch ```

D. Howard Taylor Ricketts

``` Viruses for which there is no known disease are often termed... A. orphans B. good viruses C. naked viruses D. temperate viruses E. viroids ```

A. orphans

``` Which is associated with acne and body odor in humans? A. Propionibacterium acnes B. E. coli C. Bacillus anthracis D. Mycobacterium avis E. Frankia alni ```

A. Propionibacterium acnes

``` Which produces a protein exotoxin? A. Clostridium botulinum B. Clostridium tetani C. Corynebacterium diptheriae D. All of the above E. A and B only ```

D. All of the above

``` Which term describes "dematomycoses?" A. superficial B. subcutaneous C. systemic D. tineas E. fulminating ```

D. tineas

``` Cause of scrapie, Kuru, Mad Cow, Creutzfedt-Jakob... A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Prions D. viruses E. viroids ```

C. Prions

``` Which category of microbe has been grouped in classical taxonomy based on its pigmentation? A. cellular slime molds B. algae C. fungi D. protozoa E. gram negative bacteria ```

B. algae

``` Developed genetically engineered "Ice-Minus" pseudomonads that protect against freezing damage in citrus crops... A. Delbruck and Ellis B. Steven Lindow C. Twort and D'Herrelle D. Rebecca Lancefield E. Stanley Prusiner ```

B. Steven Lindow

``` What pathogen mediates prodigious secretion of electrolytes and water into the small intestine? A. Vibrio cholerae B. Serratia marcesans C. Pseudomona aeroginosa D. Bacillus anthracis E. Staphylococcus aureus ```

A. Vibrio cholerae

``` Etiological agents of African sleeping sickness, malaria, amoebic dysentery... A. Protozoa B. Algae C. Viruses D. Bacteria E. None of the above ```

A. Protozoa

``` Hepatitis viruses B, C, and D are typically transmitted via... A. polluted water B. the serum of infected humans C. unprotected sex D. intravenous drug use E. all of the above except A ```

E. all of the above except A

``` Which genus produces cheeses we know as blue/bleu, cambert , and brie? A. Lactobacillus B. Saccharomyces C. Neurospora D. Penicillium E. Aspergillus ```

D. Penicillium

``` Which is NOT a species within the genus Clostridium? A. C. deficile B. C. pateurianum C. C. botulinum D. C. tetani E. C. diphteriae ```

E. C. diphteriae

Terminal redundancy of phage DNA sequences occurs because... A. of the head-full mechanism of DNA packaging into the virion B. the DNA is cut from a concatamer of phage genomes C. the phage capsid can hols more than a complete phage genome D. phage DNA packaging is just sloppy E. all except D

E. all except D

``` Which of the below is prokaryotic and produces hyphae? A. viruses B. slime molds C. Mycoplasa D. Actinobacteria E. Filamentous fungi ```

D. Actinobacteria

``` Which group of microorganisms is the most commonly studied phytopathogen? A. Bacteria B. Archaea C. Fungi D. Protozoa E. Slime molds ```

C. Fungi

``` Which of the below is a Low G+C gram-positive bacterium that has no cell walls and stains gram negatively? A. S. aureus B. Bacillus subtilis C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa E. E. coli ```

C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

``` Which are soil bacteria that frequently produce antibiotics? A. Enterobacteriaceae B. Pseudomonadales C. Ascomycota D. Firmicutes E. Streptomyces spp. ```

E. Streptomyces spp.

``` Which is typically serologically typed using flagellar H and O-antigens? A. Shigella dysenteriae B. Salmonella spp. C. Entamoeba histolytica D. Vibrio cholerae E. Staphyylococcus aureus ```

B. Salmonella spp.

``` Hepatitis viruses A and E are typically transmitted via... A. polluted water B. the serum of infected humans C. unprotected sex D. intravenous drug use E. all except A ```

A. polluted water

``` Bdellovidrio bacterivorous is which of the below? A. Predator of E. Coli B. Member of Class Deltaproteobacteria C. An obligate intracellular parasite D. Member of domain Bacteria E. All of the above ```

E. All of the above

``` Which phylum contains the largest number of known and cultured species of Domain Bacteria? A. Proteobacteria B. Firmicutes C. Archaea D. Deinococcus-Thermus E. Gammaproteobacteria ```

A. Proteobacteria

``` Which class within Phylum Proteobacteria include nitrifying bacteria? A. Alphaproteobacteria B. Betaproteobacteria C. Gammaproteobacteria D. Deltaproteobacteria E. All except D ```

E. All except D

Gas vacuoles... A. allow prokaryotes in a water column to float at optimal distance within light and other gradients B. are single layer unit-membrane bound entities C. contribute to reflected light spectra that can be remotely sensed during "harmful algal blooms" D. allow bacterial flatulence to be released harmlessly E. All except D

E. All except D

Which microbe(s) utilize(s) a purple photosynthetic pigment known as bacteriorhodopsin to grow photoautotrophically? A. Anabaena azollae and other cyanobacteria B. Halabacterium salinarium C. methanogens D. Deinococcus E. All of the above

B. Halabacterium salinarium

Known members of Domain Archaea... A. are often obligate anaerobes B. have been used to track source of fecal pollution in waters C. are numerous as those of Domains Eukarya and Bacteria D. are bacteria E. A and B

E. A and B

Hyperthermophillic prokaryotes (growth optima approx. 85C to 100C) are common... A. within Domain Archaea B. within Domain bacteria but restricted to ancient phyla of Aquificae and Thermotogae C. within Phylum Cyanobacteria D. distributed evenly and randomly throughout most prokaryotic phyla E. A and B

E. A and B

``` Prokaryotic systematics is described in ___ (how many) volumes of the current Bergey's Manuel A. five B. four C. three D. two E. one ```

A. five

``` Methanococcus, Halobacterium, Sulfolobus are all... A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Eukarya D. Non-cellular, infectious entities E. None of the above ```

A. Archaea

Carleton Gadjusek A. is an MD who won a Nobel Prize for epidemiology work on the etiology agent of Kuru B. was scandalized as a pedophile C. suggested that the Fore people of New Guinea quit eating the brains of deceased relatives D. is all of the above E. is all except B

D. is all of the above

``` Azotobacter, Pseudomonas A. Enterobacteriacaea B. Pseudomonadales C. Phylum Ascomycota D. Phylum Firmicutes E. Phylum Actinobacteria ```

B. Pseudomonadales

``` Necessary for yogurt, Swiss cheese, and sauerkraut A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Eukarya D. Non-cellular, infectious entities E. None of the above ```

B. Bacteria

Presence of an intracellular gram-negative diplococcus in your penile or vaginal exudates strongly suggest that... A. you have syphilis B. you have gonorrhea C. Al Gore has been kissing your wife/husband/S-O D. you have cholera E. you have a Candida albicans yeast infection

B. you have gonorrhea

``` Which of the below Bacteria include the vast majority of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes? A. Gammaproteobacteria B. Deltaproteobacteria C. Archaea D. Epsilonproteobacteria E. Actinobacteria ```

C. Archaea

Contributed to classification scheme for streptococci A. Louis Pasteur B. Al Capone C. Rebecca Lancefield D. Steven Lindow E. Rous, Yersin, Klebs, Freeman, Pappenheimer

C. Rebecca Lancefield

``` Kinetics of lytic bacteriophage infection and "burst size" A. Delbruck and Ellis B. Twort and D'Harrelle C. Rebecca Lancefied D. Steve Lindow E. Kauffman-White ```

A. Delbruck and Ellis

``` Azotobacter vineladii A. diazotroph B. autotroph C. Proteobacteria D. All of the above E. All except B ```

E. All except B

Herpes simplex Type 1 infections are often harbored in a latent condition with... A. the trigeminal neural ganglia B. the peripheral neurons of the spinal column C. the submaxillary saliva glands D. the axial lymph nodes E. the lips and tongue

A. the trigeminal neural ganglia

``` Prions are of medical significance because they cause chronic neurological disease in... A. domestic animals and humans B. plants C. fungi D. prokaryotes E. protozoa and algae ```

A. domestic animals and humans

Clotridia A. are comprised of eukaryotic cells B. produce chlorophyll under aerobic conditions C. are prokaryotes or eukaryotes, depending on the species D. are obligate anaerobes E. are all of the above

D. are obligate anaerobes

Clostridia A. are comprised of eukaryotic cells B. produce chlorophyll under aerobic conditions C. are prokaryotes or eukaryotes, depending on the species D. are obligate anaerobes E. are all of the above

D. are obligate anaerobes

``` Thiobacillus thiooxidans is... A. a member of Domain Bacteria B. a chemolithotroph C. extremely acid tolerant D. able to oxidize elemental sulfur to sulfate E. all of the above ```

E. all of the above

``` Malaria is A. caused by a protozoan B. has a mosquito vector C. caused by Plasmodium spp. D. all of the above E. under control by use of antibiotics ```

D. all of the above

``` Which of the below is cellular but cell-wall-less? A. viruses B. slime molds C. Mycoplasa D. Actinobacteria E. Staphylococci ```

C. Mycoplasa

``` Divisions Rhodophyta and Phaephyta include very large "micro" organisms that are commonly called which of the below? A. pond scum B. toadstools C. harmful algal blooms D. kelps E. mushrooms ```

D. kelps

``` Fungi and algae can reproduce asexually by numerous mechanisms, or can be cultured from thallus fragments; one term that applies to all of them is... A. propagules B. conidia C. arthrospores D. zoospores E. chlamydospores ```

A. propagules

Which of the below include eukaryotes with no discernible mode of sexual reproduction? A. Claviceps purpurea, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa B. Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium notatum C. Streptomyces griseus, Staphylococcus pneumoniae D. Chlorella, diatoms, Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta E. Paramecium, Amoeba, Toxoplasma, Entamoeba

B. Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium notatum

Layered rocks formed by incorporation of mineral sediments into microbial mats

Stromatolites

Who came up with the current theories on the evolution of prokaryotes based largely on characterization of rRNA sequences?

Carl Woese, George Fox, et al. in 1970s

Who came up with the Endosymbiosis Hypothesis which claims that endosymbioses was responsible for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts ?

Lynn Margulis

Who determined that all living organisms belong to one of the three domains using the nucleotide sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNAs?

Carl Woese and George Fox

Study of organisms with the ultimate object of characterizing and arranging them in an orderly manner.

Systematics

Taxonomy used to determine the genus and species of a newly discovered prokaryote

Polyphasic taxonomy

Ending for class

-ia

Ending for order

-iales

Ending of family

-aceae

Strains that digger biochemically and physiologically

Biovars

Strains that differ morphologically

Morphovars

Strains that differ in antigenic properties

Serovars

Who devised the binomial system of nomenclature?

Carl von Linne (Carolus Linnaeus)

Who devised the numerical taxonomy system ?

Sokal and Sneath

Who came up with MIDI (Microbial IDentification Inc), a way to identify bacteria based on their fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) ?

Myron Sasser

Nucleic acids or proteins used as "clocks" to measure amount of evolutionary change over time.

Molecular chronometers

What is the most powerful and direct method for comparing genomes?

Nucleic acid sequencing

Bergey's Manual of _____ Bacteriology was replaced in 1984 by Bergey's Manual of _____ Bacteriology.

Determinative; Systematic

Domain best known for growth in anaerobic, hypersaline, pH extremes, and high-temperature habitats

Archaea

Like Bacteria, Archaea have ___ chromosomes.

circular

Like Eukarya, Archaea have ___ proteins and ___ introns in few.

histone-like; self-splicing

Archaea have transcription machinery like ___ (Eukarya or Bacteria).

Eukarya

Archaea regulate transcription like ___ (Eukarya or Bacteria).

Bacteria

Who did the Volta Experiment ?

Ralph Wolfe

Who worked on rumen flora methanogens?

Robert Hungate

What is the largest group of cultured archaea?

Methanogens

Most efficient light harvesting complexes found in nature; found in green sulfur bacteria (chlorobi)

Chlorosomes

Largest, most diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria.

Cyanobacteria

Causes blue-green pigment in cyanobacteria.

Phycocyanin

Specialized cells used for nitrogen fixation.

Heterocysts

Most abundant class of bacteria in oceans.

Alphaproteobacteria

The largest subgroup of proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Causative agent of Legionnaire's disease

L. pneumonphilia

Pseudomonas syringae is known for what?

Ice minus characteristic (Steve Lindow)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known for?

Causing nosocomial burn infections and lung infections in CF patients

Azotobacter spp. can form desiccation-resistant cysts. T or F?

True

Causes gastroenteritis and skin/flesh infections.

Vibrio vulnificus

The smallest proteobacterial class

Epsilonproteobacteria

Won a Nobel Prize for discovering that Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.

Robin Warren, Barry Marshall

Classified as a Class A carcinogen by WHO

Helicobacter pylori

Actinobacteria are...

High G+C gram positives

Firmicutes are...

Low G+C gram positives

How many types of fungi are there?

1.5 million

Sporosarcina, Clostridium, and Bacillus are all...

Endospore-forming gram positive bacteria

Causes food poisoning, specifically botulism

C. botulinum

Causes gas gangrene

C. perfringens

Alpha hemolysis

incomplete hemolysis of red blood cells

Beta hemolysis

Complete lysis of red blood cells

Which species of Streptococcus is beta hemolytic ?

S. pyogenes

Which species of Steptococcus is alpha hemolytic?

S. pneumoniae

Which gram positive phylum of bacteria has branched hyphae?

Actinomycetes

Types of Actinomycete capable of "snapping division"

Arthrobacter globiformis

Genus responsible for causing tuberculosis and leprosy

Mycobacterium

Species involved in development of body odor and acne vulgaris

Propionibacterium acnes

Pioneer colonizer of human intestinal tract

Bifidobacterium bifidus

Who wrote Physiology of the Fungi?

Jackson Foster

Also known as pink bread mold; model eukaryotic microorganism

Neurospora crassa

Also known as sac fungi

Ascomycetes

Also known as club fungi

Basidiomycetes

Mycotoxicoses under watch of Dept of Homeland Security

Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp., Claviceps purpurea, Amanita

Exam 3 Flashcards

(146 cards)