Prokaryotic cell - topic 5

Question 1

Prokaryote

Answer 1

a group of incredibly diverse species that are mostly unicellular, microscopic organisms. They are found almost everywhere.

Divided into two domains: archaea and bacteria

Question 2

Cell wall

Answer 2

a protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells

Question 3

Capsule

Answer 3

neatly organized carbohydrate

Question 4

Gram stain

Answer 4

used to identify the composition of a cell wall into gram-positive (purple) or gram-negative (red)

Question 5

Coccus

Answer 5

cell is circle shape

Question 6

staphylo-

Answer 6

cell arrangement in clusters

Question 7

obligate aerobes

Answer 7

require O2 for cellular respiration

Question 8

Nucleoid region

Answer 8

where the DNA is in cells that do not have a nucleus.

Question 9

Binary fission

Answer 9

the reproduction of cells in prokaryotes

Question 10

Slime layer

Answer 10

is an unorganized & loose (slimy) carbohydrate (sticky & slimy)

Question 11

Endospore

Answer 11

is a little bit of cytoplasm, DNA, & a think coat of peptidoglycan.
Can remain viable in harsh conditions and can be produced in response to changing conditions.

Question 12

Bacillus

Answer 12

Cell shaped like rod

Question 13

Strepto-

Answer 13

Cells are in a chain arrangement

Question 14

Obligate Anaerobes

Answer 14

are poisoned by O2 and use fermentation or anaerobic respiration

Question 15

Chromosomes

Answer 15

a cellular structure carrying genetic material. Found in the nucleus of prokaryotic cells

Question 16

Conjugation

Answer 16

= sex = exchange of DNA (no reproduction involved here)

Question 17

Fimbriae

Answer 17

allow prokaryotes to stick to a surface or other cells in a colony (also called attachment pili)

Question 18

Flagella

Answer 18

allow motile bacteria to move toward or away from certain stimuli. Made of long chains of proteins called flagellin.

Question 19

Spirillium/ spirilli / spirochaetes

Answer 19

Cell is shaped as a spiral

Question 20

Pathogen

Answer 20

An organism, virus, viroid, or prion that causes disease

Question 21

Bacteria as pathogens

Answer 21

are a major cause of human death, and disease and cause infections

Question 22

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 22

Can survive with or without O2

Question 23

Plasmid

Answer 23

A small, circular, double- stranded DNA molecule that carries accessory genes separate from those of a bacterial chromosome.

Question 24

F+ cells

Answer 24

containing the F plasmid function as DNA donors

Question 25

F- cells

Answer 25

without the F plasmid functions as DNA recipients

Question 26

Peptidoglycan

Answer 26

A network of sugar polymers cross-linked by polypeptides (located in the bacteria cell wall)

Question 27

pilli (pilus)

Answer 27

In bacteria, a structure that links one cell to another at the start of conjunction; also known as a sex pilus or conjunction

Question 28

Endoflagella

Answer 28

Found in spirochaetes. Used as movement, the entire cell corkscrews by a twisting motion through its environment.

Question 29

Diplo-

Answer 29

Cells are arranged in pairs

Question 30

E. coil

Answer 30

bacterial species that normally lives in the lower intestine of warm-blooded animals.

Is gram negative, mostly harmless

Question 31

Pencillin

Answer 31

Antibacterial drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis (effects peptidoglycan)