Prokaryotes

Question 1

bacterial cell size

Answer 1

2.5 microns long, very small

Bacterial cells are in the range of 10X smaller than eukaryotic cells

Question 2

bacterial DNA

Answer 2

Hereditary material- DNA in center
circular molecule (NOT linear)
5’ end bends around and attaches to the 3’ end (no start or stop)

Question 3

plasma membrane

Answer 3

Plasma membrane surrounding the cytoplasm

Question 4

cell wall

Answer 4

made of peptidoglycan

Question 5

Capsule

Answer 5

• Slimy, sugar-rich layer
• Protective layer
• Present in some, not all bacteria
• carbohydrate coating that allows cell to stick to things

Question 6

Pili

Answer 6

Stick out
Used to adhere to surfaces
Present in some, but not all bacteria

Question 7

Flagellum

Answer 7

Used for locomotion
Made up of a main protein component = flagellin
Present in some, but not all bacteria
Hooks up into the membrane to motor (small green part) that rotates around in the membrane and drives the flagellum
Motor uses ATP energy
circular motion (not wavy, like in some others)

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

Genetic material is found in the cytoplasm

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

Protein synthesizing machines in the cytoplasm

Question 10

Asexual reproduction

Answer 10

• do not exchange genes when replicating/reproducing, do not form gamete
• exchange information
  1. Conjugation- Exchange of genes via an F plasmid, grows pilus, sticks onto second one, creates tube, F plasmid transfers to other bacteria
  2. Transformation- An acquisition of naked DNA, picks it up from environment
  3. Transduction- Acquiring DNA sequences from a viral infection, bacteriophage,