Prokaryotes Flashcards
What are prokaryotes
simple/small/unicellular/No nucleus/flagellum as movement
LUCA/ what are the characterisitcs
last universal common ancestor with earliest fossils Stromatolites (anaerobic, need CO2, N, Thermophile, Lives underwater volcanoes).
How old are stromatolites:
3.4-3.7 by
Biochemical evidence
comapres similarities and differences of a living prokaryotes on a cellular level.
Which taxon is most dominant
Prokaryotes because they cna be found everywhere including inside living organisms
How to classify different prokaryotes
shape/cell wall/movement/energy source
Different shape
Rod shaped prokaryotes: Bacilli
Spherical shaped: Cocci
Corkscrew: spirilla
Two different Groups of Prokaryotes?
Eu bacteria and Archaebacteria
Which is the larger of the kingdoms of Prokaryotes
Eubacteria
Where do eubacteria live?
Everywhere including water, land, humans
What is within the cell wall of prokaryotes?
cell membrane
What is peptidoglycan?
Carbohydrate in cell walls of eubacteria
What are the qualities of archaebacteria?
Their membrane lipids are different/lack peptidoglycan/like eubacteria appearance wise
What is significant about the DNA sequences of key archaebacterial genes?
More like eukaryotes than bacteria
How are archaebacteria related to eukaryotes?
Scientist reason that archaebacteria maybe ancestors to eukaryotes
What are methanogens? Where do they live?
Prokaryotes that produce methane gas lives in oxygen free environment such as thick mud and digestive tracts of animals
What occurs in binary fission
Asexual production where prokaryote grows double in size replicates DNA divides in 2 and provide 2 identical daughter cells
What occurs in conjugation?
Hollow bridge forms between 2 cells and genes move from one cell to another
First organism
Autotroph
Development of Photosynthesis
Using sunlight energy to make glucose (do we need to memorize equation)
When did bacteria develop photosynthesis
3.5bya earliest is cyanobacteria
Oxygen production:
Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthesizing bacteria that were partially successful
Great oxygenation event:
Cyanobacteria flourished where oxygen was greatly produced killing other life on earth which was the earliest mass extinction we know off
When did the great oxygenation event happened
2.4 bya
Cell respiration:
Adaptation to deal with the excess amount of oxygen and quickly became the common way to get food
