Classification And Evoloution Flashcards
What is taxonomy and what is its importance
*avoid misnomers
*classification and organization for world wide recognition of a specific species
What is biodiversity
Variability of life on earth
More is better to stabilize economy incase of disasters
Scientific name
Internationally recognized name organized with binomial nomenclature
Who created binomial nomenclature
Carl Linnaeus
Cladogram
Diagram to show organisms relationships and evolution
Domain bacteria
K- eubacteria
C-#unicellular
Mn- both
Example : E.Coli
Strept
Archaea
K- archea bactria
C- uni
Mn-both
S- no peptidoglycan
Eukaryota
Animalia
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
S: some have clelulose some have chloroplast
#c: some are multi most are uni
Mn: both
Example: amoeba/algae
Plantae
S: have cellulose or chloroplast
#c:multi
Mn:Auto
Example:plants
Fungi
S: chitin
#c:some uni(yeast) some multi
Mn: hetero
Example: mushrooms/yeast
Geno vs pheno
Geno:genetic code
Pheno: physical expression
Natural vs artificial selection
Natural selection is the survival of the fittest while artificial is handpicked breed
Genetic drift
Random changes in genes( alleles) and variety usually due to a small population
Why is genetic diversity important
And where does it come from
To create a more diverse economy and biodiversity
Through mutations/inheritance
Example of population of a species go to two different species
Reproductive isolation where one species suddenly change its traits and type of mate maybe due to a transfer of location or limited diversity which the. Cause that species to develop changes Overtime
3 types of speciation
Geographical
Behavioural
Temporal
Geographic Isolation
Populations seperated by a barrier
Behavioural isolation
Difference in behaviour which prevents them from reproduction
Temporal
Populations which reproduce at different time of day and year
3 evidence for scientific theory of evolution
Homologous
Vestigial
Homologous and vestigial traits difference
Homologous are shared by different species based on a common ancestor
Vestigial are reduced remnants of a functioning structure due to change and adaptation
Mass vs background extinction
Mass: short period
Back: occurs slowly
Mutations and their importance in evolution
Changes in the DNA sequence of an organism however mutations can either help the organism survive through environmental sorrounding or help the organism due to changes and natural selection
How does genetic drift contribute to evolution
Changes in alleles or genetic variation could contribute to evolution through its changes and so creating a new species or evolution of a species it self to better survive and reproduce or the opposite
Speciation
When populations become different species when they experience reproductive isolation
Phylogeny
Refers to evolutionary history and relationships between different species or groups of organisms
Aerobic
Require oxygen
Anaerobic
Do not require oxygen
Seven levels to classification and organization
Domain
Kingdom (kids )
Phylum (playing)
Class (chicken)
Order(on)
Family (freeways )
Genus(gets)
Species(smashed)
What was the first two groups developed
Animalia and Plantae
Who created the modern taxonomic system or is responsible
Carl Linnaeus
Dichotomous key
Identify organisms based on binary choices
What are the scientific name of chimpanzee and humans
Homo Sapiens
Pan troglodyte
Taxa for humans
K: AnimaliA
P: chordata
C:mamalia
O:primates
F:Hominidae
G:Homo
s:sapiens
4 types of selection natural
Directional
Stabilizing
Disruptive
Sexual
Directional selection
one of the extreme versions of a trait provide higher fitness
Stabilizing selection
Camouflage average
Disruptive
Whichever is better at catching prey both extreme leads to speciation
Sexual selected
Mating preferences
Timeline
4.6 earth forms
4 LUCA
3.5 Photos
2.4 GOE
2.1 FEuka
1.6 Multicellular
Fungi 1.5
First plants 800
Animals 750
