Prokaryotes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

4 types of prokaryotic cell division with unequal products

A

1- simple budding
2- budding form hyphae
3- cell division of stalked organism
4- polar growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is dilution rate in cell growth cultures?

A

rate of adding medium to maintain exponential growth phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Different pH type resistant names

A

Acidophiles, neutrophiles, alkaliphiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name for prokaryotes tolerant to low/negative temp.

A

Psychrophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name for resistant to NaCl tolerant prokaryote

A

Extreme halophile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name for organism which can grow in high sugars

A

osmophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the main characteristic of xerophile s?

A

can grow in very dry conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Whats important about compatible solutes?

A

compatible with cellular cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Whats another name for compatible solute?

A

Osmoprotector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a faculative aerobe?

A

microorganism which can perform aerobic, anaerobic respiration or fermentation BUT peforms better with O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an aerotolerant microorganism?

A

Fermentation- growth not better when O2 present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is shift down?

A

rich to poor medium

= cessation of growth followed by growth increase = stringent response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What refolds denatured proteins?

A

Dnak (in heatshock situation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of plasmid confer antibiotic resistance?

A

R-plasmids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What on plasmids can kill related bacteria?

A

Bacteriocins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What genes make plasmids self-transmissabel?

A

tra genes

17
Q

Are plasmids in same incompatibilty group compatible or incompatible?

A

INCOMPATIBLE

18
Q

How does polymerase know if DNA is new?

A

New DNA is not methylated. Its then methylated fro DnaA binding.

19
Q

What is the name of the structure formed in the membrane during cell division?

A

Divisome

20
Q

What is the role of the MinCD oscillator in cell division?

A

partitioning of chromosome + how well cell wall forms at division plane + ensures formation of FtsZ ring in middle of cell

21
Q

What forms in bands perpendicular to cell wall in most rod-shaped bacteria and doriects peptidoglycan synthesis to cell wall?

A

MreB

22
Q

what is the target of penicillin?

A

Transpeptidation

23
Q

Bacterial replication strategy limiting factor and advantage

A

positive selective for fastest dividing= limiting step is DNA-replication= selection for small genome

24
Q

Why are mitochondria important for eukaryotes?

A

oxphos happens in mitochondrial membranes SO more ATP and no sa:vol limitation

25
Q

what did mitchondria and chloroplasts evolve from

A

mitochondria from proteobacterium

chloroplasts from cyanobacterium

26
Q

What is syntrophy?

A

phenomenon of one species living off the metabolic products of another species.

27
Q

What is evolution of eukaryotic cell as result of?

A

syntrophy between facultative anaerobic bacterium and anaerobic q
archaeon

28
Q

How did newly endosymbiotic cells avoid O2 toxicity?

A

Migration to O2 rich waters = selection to maintain oxphos genes

29
Q

Why is retention of reduced endosymbiont genome important?

A

For local control of electron transport chain

30
Q

approximately how many genes in a modern mitochondrion?

A

less than 40

31
Q

Where is signal peptide located for protein secretion?

A

N-terminus

32
Q

How are trans-membrane domains interpreted by translocation channel?

A

as stop-transfer and restart-transfer during synthesis