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Biology -Phenotype > ECM > Flashcards

ECM Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the extracellular matrix?

A

3D network of macromolecules surrounding cell thats OUTSIDE the cell membrane

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2
Q

What are the 4 functions of the ECM?

A

Structural support, protection, signalling, regulate cell activities

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3
Q

What are thee 3 main components of the ECM?

A

Fibril; fibril crosslinker; gel

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4
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom?

A

Collagen

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5
Q

What is the structure of collagen fibres?

A

triple helix

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6
Q

Where is collagen synthesised?

A

Endomembrane system- then secreted

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7
Q

What are 3 roles of the basal laminae

A

structural, filtering, determine polarity

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8
Q

What is the soluble precursor of elastin?

A

tropoelastin

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9
Q

Why are GAG’s hydrophillic?

A

negative charge

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10
Q

What is important about high osmolarity of GAG’s?

A

withstand large pressure as lots of turgor pressure and swelling as negative charges attract sodium

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11
Q

What is cellulose made of?

A

Beta 1,4 linked glucose

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12
Q

Where is cellulose synthesised?

A

terminal rosettes at surface of plasma membrane

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13
Q

In which direction does the cell wall elongate with respect to cellulose fibrils?

A

Perpendicular

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14
Q

What are pectins?

A

A group of closely related acidic polysaccharide

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15
Q

Formal term for plant cell wall loosening for growth?

A

Stress relaxation

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16
Q

Whats a difference between primary and secondary plant cell walls?

A

Primary- lots of pectin

Secondary- more cellulose + lignins

17
Q

What regulates animal cell ECM interactions and is present at focal adhesion?

A

Integrins

18
Q

What is animal ECM response to mechanical stress?

A

Collagen reorientation and stress fibres realign

19
Q

What is plant ECM response to mechanical stress?

A

Microtubules reorientate and altered cellulose deposition

Biology -Phenotype (5 decks)

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