Prokaryote diversity Flashcards
what are the three domains of life
Archaea, bacteria and eukarya
what is the suffix for circular prokaryotes
cocci
what is the suffix for rod prokaryotes
bacilli
What does archaea cell walls comprise of
polysaccharides and protein but no peptidoglycan
What is a gram positive bacteria structure
thick peptidoglycan layer ontop of the membrane
what colour does gram positive bacteria go
Purple
what is a gram negative bacteria structure
a small peptidoglycan layer in-between two plasma membranes
where is crystal violet trapped
within peptidoglycan
What do antibodies attack in bacteria and which type of gram is more resistant
The peptidoglycan cell wall production, doesn’t effect gram negative structures as still have outer membrane
Why does the body have a hard time recognizing some prokaryotes
They have a polysaccharide capsule like some of the bodies own cells
What is an endospores
A spore of a prokaryote in unfavored conditions that is released when parent cell lyses
what is the function of fimbriae
sticks to substrate and to other individuals
what is the function of phili
Longer than fimbriae and are used to exchange DNA
What is the DNA exchanged by phili called
plasmids, small packages of DNA
what are taxes
movement to/ from a stimulus
what helps a prokaryote move
flagella
how do prokaryote move when in their attractant
short run, tumble to face random direction, then short run
Do prokaryotes have less, more or equal DNA to eukaryotes
Less
what is binary fission
cell lengthening then splitting, asexual reproduction
if mutation rates are low in binary fission, how do prokaryotes evolve quickly
prokaryotes have a short generation time so can accumulate mutations faster
what is gene duplication in a prokaryote
MUTATION- one copy of DNA evolves to carry out a different function than previous
what is horizontal gene transfer in a prokaryote
MUTATION- pieces of DNA are transferred between different cells, taking up a dead cells DNA
what is gene loss in a prokaryote
MUTATION- Reducing a cells genome means less energy is used to reproduce
what is transformation in a prokaryote cell
RECOMBINATION- transfer of DNA from environment/ dead cells
